It can be challenging to assess and evaluate near death experiences. Some causes might be psychological, emotional or medical (drug related). What is helpful in evaluating these experiences is recognizing whether or not they conflict with clear scriptural truths.

The Bible does tell us that when death takes place, the body and soul separate, and there is immediate judgment as the soul goes to heaven or hell (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Luke 16:19-31; Hebrews 9:27). We also know from the Bible that God controls the places where souls go at death (Luke 16:26). So, no, a deceased loved one would not be visiting your friend.

A significant phrase in your question is “for various reasons.” People have taken their lives for various reasons. Some who did so might have been suffering from psychological or mental health issues. Others might have committed a rash act in a moment of weakness. Still others might have ended their lives in unbelief.

The Bible teaches us that Christian faith saves and unbelief condemns (Mark 16:16). The Bible explains the need to have Christian faith in the heart when life on earth comes to an end (Revelation 2:10). The Bible informs us that judgment takes place at death (Hebrews 9:27). While we do not know the judgment that takes place at a person’s death, that judgment will be made public on the last day (Matthew 25:31-46).

In years past, individuals who took their own lives were often treated as a group: they were automatically considered to be people who were lost forever. In more recent times there has been a greater understanding of psychological and mental issues that might have contributed to a person taking his or her life, while still dying in the Christian faith. This does not minimize the seriousness of suicide or its tragic effects on survivors; it provides explanation only.

God makes it clear in the Bible that only he—directly or indirectly through his representatives in government—has the right to end a person’s life (Deuteronomy 32:39; Psalm 31:15; Psalm 90:3; Romans 13:4). God is serious about protecting a person’s life because that is the only time a person has to be brought to saving faith in Jesus Christ.

Any threat or expression of ending one’s life needs to be taken very seriously. If you are aware of such threats or expressions, do speak to that person and/or the proper authorities.

Scripture is silent on the issue of cremation. It is a matter of personal preference when it comes to burial or cremation.

There was a time not that long ago when some voices in the Christian church cautioned against cremation. In a day and age when some unbelievers utilized cremation as a way to defy God (“Let’s see if this supposed God can put me back together some day.”), some Christians advocated that followers of the Lord not cremate their bodies, so as not to be associated with unbelievers or an activity of unbelievers.

That type of taunting has largely disappeared, so Christians today who make use of cremation are not likely to be confused with unbelievers. The choice of cremation over burial often includes ecological, economical and convenience factors. In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with burial: “Dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19). Regardless of cremation or burial, “All who are in their graves will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out” (John 5:28-29).

Choosing cremation over burial will not affect your eternal relationship with God. Faith in Jesus saves (Mark 16:16), not the way our bodies are treated after death. Keep focused on Jesus! (Hebrews 12:2)

Dear friend, it is not a sin to want to be in heaven with Jesus. When the apostle Paul was first imprisoned in Rome, he wrote to the Christians in Philippi that he had mixed thoughts about continuing to live on earth or being with his Lord in heaven. “For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain. If I am to go on living in the body, this will mean fruitful labor for me. Yet what shall I choose? I do not know! I am torn between the two: I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is better by far; but it is more necessary for you that I remain in the body” (Philippians 1:21-24). In 2 Corinthians 5:2 that same apostle spoke of his “longing” for heaven.

While we look forward to our perfect life with God in eternity, we refrain from doing anything that would hasten the day of our death. We recognize that our times are in God’s hands (Psalm 31:15).

The unknown experience of physical death can present us with fears and concerns. Thank God that he has taken away our reasons for fear. God has turned death into the means by which we enter his presence in heaven. Forgiveness of sins is God’s gift to you through faith in Jesus Christ his Son (Ephesians 1:7). Eternal life is God’s gift to you through faith in Jesus Christ his Son (John 11:25). As a baptized child of God, remember how God has clothed you with the garments of salvation Jesus won by his holy life and innocent death (Galatians 3:26-27). Continue to use God’s gospel in word and sacrament for the forgiveness of sins and the strengthening of your faith.

I trust you are in contact with your pastor. Do utilize the resources he has for you and your family. God bless you all with strength and peace and joy.

The Bible teaches that the body and soul separate at death (Ecclesiastes 12:7) and there is judgment (Hebrews 9:27). The soul goes to heaven or hell; there is no in-between place like purgatory, as you noted.

When it comes to the biblical accounts of people who were raised from the dead (in Old or New Testament times), Scripture is silent on the specifics and whether or not God might have brought about exceptions to what normally happens.

We have to be content with what the biblical accounts teach us. What they teach is that Jesus has conquered death, and he shares his victory with those who are united to him in faith (John 11:25-26; 2 Timothy 1:10; Revelation 1:17-18).

In regard to the account of the rich man and Lazarus, Jesus’ point was that the rich man’s brothers had what they needed to avoid an eternity in hell: they had the Old Testament Scriptures. The Holy Spirit works through the word of God to create saving faith in Jesus Christ, the Messiah, and give people forgiveness of sins and heaven as their home. The truth in the biblical account is that if the rich man’s brothers rejected the word of God, “They will not be convinced even if someone rises from the dead” (Luke 16:31).

God’s fifth commandment forbids suicide. God makes it clear in the Bible that only he—directly or indirectly through his representatives in government—has the right to end a person’s life (Deuteronomy 32:39; Psalm 31:15; Psalm 90:3; Romans 13:4). God is serious about protecting a person’s life because that is the only time a person has to be brought to saving faith in Jesus Christ.

In years past, individuals who took their own lives were often treated as a group: they were automatically considered to be people who were lost forever. In more recent times there has been a greater understanding of psychological and mental issues that might have contributed to a person taking his or her life, while still dying in the Christian faith. This does not minimize the seriousness of suicide or its tragic effects on survivors; it provides general explanation only. Certainly, those who end their lives in unbelief are lost forever. Unbelief condemns (Mark 16:16).

Because you and I are not able to look into the hearts of people (1 Samuel 16:7) who take their lives, we are not able to assign motives or reasons for their actions—nor do we attempt to do so. God alone sees what is in the heart at a person’s death, and judgment takes place (Hebrews 9:27). On the Last Day that judgment will be made public (Matthew 25:31-46).

As is the case with any death, the family and friends of a person who has committed suicide need our Christian support. We can direct them to God’s word for the daily strength they need (Psalm 46). We can keep them in our prayers.

I cannot give you a blanket “yes” or “no” answer. A very recent question addressed the subject of suicide, and the answer noted differing factors that might have led someone to take his or her life. Part of the answer stated this: “In years past, individuals who took their own lives were often treated as a group: they were automatically considered to be people who were lost forever. In more recent times there has been a greater understanding of psychological and mental issues that might have contributed to a person taking his or her life, while still dying in the Christian faith. This does not minimize the seriousness of suicide or its tragic effects on survivors; it provides general explanation only. Certainly, those who end their lives in unbelief are lost forever. Unbelief condemns (Mark 16:16).”

“Because you and I are not able to look into the hearts of people (1 Samuel 16:7) who take their lives, we are not able to assign motives or reasons for their actions—nor do we attempt to do so. God alone sees what is in the heart at a person’s death, and judgment takes place (Hebrews 9:27). On the Last Day that judgment will be made public (Matthew 25:31-46).”

Our pastors do not pretend to know what was in the heart of a person who committed suicide. Again, only God has that information. What our pastors will seek to do is provide Christian comfort and encouragement (1 Thessalonians 4:18) through a funeral service when it appears the person who committed suicide died in the Christian faith—no matter how weak that saving faith might have been.

On the other hand, our pastors will be careful not to give false hope or comfort, or misrepresent the teachings of their church, when it appears that the person who committed suicide rejected the Christian faith.

Our pastors serve as representatives of their congregations. The actions they take reflect on the congregations they serve. Through the decisions they make regarding funeral services, our pastors seek to give the clearest testimony to others of the gospel of Jesus Christ. Through their words and actions, they want others to know that there is salvation only through Jesus Christ (Acts 4:12) and that acknowledging Jesus Christ as Savior is vitally important (Matthew 10:32).

Your question shifts the focus of attention from ghosts (which a previous answer addressed) to end-of-life experiences. What might explain such experiences? It is possible that people “see” what they desire to see. In other instances, medications can affect the mind. We cannot rule out that Satan, who “masquerades as an angel of light” (2 Corinthians 11:14), can seek to deceive people even at the end of life. Supporting that thought is the fact that there are accounts of non-Christians reporting experiences of “heavenly welcomes” in their last moments of earthly life.

Through the work of the Holy Spirit, a Christian like Stephen did see a glorious vision of heaven before he was stoned to death (Acts 7:54-56).  God can certainly do the same thing today if he wants to, but we have no promise from God that Christians will have heavenly visions before death.

What we do have is God’s sure promise that those who believe in Jesus Christ as their Savior “will live, even though they die” (John 11:25). We do well to compare the experiences people report at death’s threshold with the word of God.

The question you referenced was in the context of Satan being associated with paranormal experiences as a final way of deceiving people, so the response went along those same lines.

Might God give Christians a first glimpse at their heavenly glory in the moments before death? God can do anything. God did that for Stephen even before the stones started coming his way (Acts 7:55-56).

You and I are limited in knowing exactly what dying individuals might be experiencing. I would encourage you to continue to carry out your important work, offering the care to your patients for which you have received training. I would also encourage you not to second guess your past actions. You and I do what we can—with the limitations we have—to serve others.

The personal preferences of the individuals involved will determine the course of action.

As you note in your second question, the significance of whatever action is taken is short-term. It will matter to relatives of the deceased only.

Much more important is what Jesus says about death and resurrection: “…a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his voice and come out—those who have done what is good will rise to live, and those who have done what is evil will rise to be condemned” (John 5:28-29). Christian faith saves and unbelief condemns (Mark 16:16). People display faith and unbelief in everyday living (Matthew 25:31-46).

“The Lord does not look at the things people look at. People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart” (1 Samuel 16:7). You and I want to remember that we cannot see into the heart of anyone who has died, let alone someone who has committed suicide.

The Bible teaches that Christian faith saves and unbelief condemns (Mark 16:16). The Bible teaches how vitally important it is to have Christian faith in the heart when life on earth comes to an end (Revelation 2:10).

There was a time when Christians concluded that all those who took their own lives were eternally lost. Over time, people recognized that some Christians might have taken their lives without losing their faith. A person who professed Christ as Savior might have committed suicide because of psychological or other mental health issues. With clear thinking, such a person would not have taken his or her life. Another person who professed Christ as Savior might have committed suicide as the result of a rash act or in a moment of weakness, while still being in the faith. Taking one’s life is sinful, but there could be explanations for the actions that do not presuppose the absence of faith. Again, God alone knows what is in a person’s heart at death.

To those who are the survivors of a loved one who has died in any way, I would bring the comfort of God’s word. God is still their refuge and strength (Psalm 46). God stands ready to hear and answer their prayers (Psalm 50:15). God promises he will never leave or forsake them (Hebrews 13:5). God promises strength for daily living (Isaiah 41:10).

You may be interested in reading And She Was a Christian, a book that addresses the subject of Christians and suicide. Your church library may have a copy. It is available from Northwestern Publishing House. God bless you.

Please accept my sympathy at the death of your daughter. Death was never part of God’s design for his perfect creation. Death is “the wages of sin” (Romans 6:23).

What you and I are grateful for is that Jesus Christ has conquered death and that he has made death the means by which Christians enter the presence of God in heaven.

You are viewing your daughter’s present circumstances correctly when you speak of her enjoying the glory of heaven (Psalm 73:24). We long for what she is experiencing. Her soul is with the souls of all those who confessed Jesus Christ, the promised Messiah, as Savior in this life. She will be among those who accompany the Lord when he returns visibly to this world on the Last Day (1 Thessalonians 4:14).

Your tears, like mine at the death of a loved one, result when we think of our own lives and the temporary changes that have taken place. We can balance that emotion of sorrow with joy when we think of the glory and perfection that our loved ones are experiencing in the presence of God. Jesus promises to take care of your tears (Matthew 5:4; Revelation 7:17; 21:4).

The Lord provides comfort and strength for you and your family through the gospel in word and sacrament. I encourage you to feed your soul richly with the word of God. Be a frequent guest at the Lord’s Supper. Through the gospel, God strengthens our faith and fortifies us for Christian living.

To help deal with your grief, perhaps there is a support group at your church you could consider attending. Certainly, seek out the counsel of your pastor.

“Now may the Lord of peace himself give you peace at all times and in every way. The Lord be with all of you” (2 Thessalonians 3:16).

When tragic events like this take place, people can easily question God’s power and love. “If he can do anything, why didn’t he do something and prevent the shootings?” “If God really loves all people, why would he allow those people to suffer like that?” Unfortunately, in some people’s minds God is even more to blame than the perpetrator.

Could God have prevented that horrible incident from taking place? Certainly. God can do anything. Job chapters 38-42 illustrate God’s unlimited power.

If we back up in time, God could have prevented the fall of Adam and Eve—the event to which all sins can be traced. If we back up to eternity, God could have prevented the fall of Satan and the other evil angels. God did not prevent those twin falls from taking place. God does not explain in the Bible why he allowed those events to take place—nor does God have to.

The church shooting in your question is tragic indeed. People gathered in a Christian house of worship, and a man gunned them down. The question your friend asked seems to suggest that worshipers in a church should receive a special level of safety and protection from God. Nowhere in the Bible does God promise that. In fact, during his ministry, Jesus once referred to an incident that could have been the church shooting of that day: Jewish worshipers in Jerusalem were cut down—and not by a troubled man but by agents of the government (Luke 13:1). Sadly, places of worship are not exempt from violence.

When tragic events take place in life and leave us and others with questions, we turn to Scripture. There we re-learn what a vast difference there is between God and us. What are some of those lessons? “For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways,” declares the LORD. “As the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways and my thoughts than your thoughts” (Isaiah 55:8-9). “Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out! “Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor?” “Who has ever given to God, that God should repay them?” For from him and through him and for him are all things. To him be the glory forever! Amen” (Romans 11:33-36).

Those verses tell you and me that we cannot pretend to know fully God’s ways and explain them to others. God knows what he is doing. He is still in control of the world he created (Revelation 19:6).

Years ago, I read about a man whose son died fighting in the Vietnam War. He was angry at God and asked a pastor, “Where was God when my son died?” Among other responses, the pastor said, “The same place he was when his own Son died.” In other words, the death of a loved one does not mean that God has withdrawn his love or power. When deaths or other tragedies strike, Christian faith still recognizes a loving God—a God whose ways we cannot always understand, but a God who says, “I’m still leading the way. Follow me.”

Perhaps you can share some of these thoughts with your friend.

There is nothing in the Bible that prohibits cremation. It lies in the area of Christian freedom.

There was a time when some voices in the Christian church cautioned against cremation. In a day and age when some unbelievers utilized cremation as a way to defy God (“Let’s see if this supposed God can put me back together some day.”), some Christians advocated that followers of the Lord not cremate their bodies, so as not to be identified with unbelievers or an activity associated with some unbelievers.

That type of taunting has largely disappeared, so Christians today who make use of cremation are not likely to be confused with unbelievers. The choice of cremation over burial often includes ecological, economical and convenience factors. In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with traditional burial: “Dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19).

So, again, there is no right or wrong in choosing traditional burial or cremation.

God, of course, can do anything. While God miraculously relocated Philip after he baptized the Ethiopian eunuch (Acts 8:39-40), we do not look for or demand that God act in similar ways today.

Having been very young once ourselves, you and I both know that it can be challenging at times for a young child to differentiate between reality and imagination. Even adults can want something to happen so much that the event does take place in their minds.

What we can be sure about is that a young Christian child and her Christian grandmother will see each other again (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18). For that, we thank and praise God.

When death takes place, judgment also takes place (Hebrews 9:27). At death, the souls of Christians enter God’s presence in heaven, while the souls of unbelievers go to hell. The account of the rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31) is a section of Scripture that teaches these truths.

The Bible provides information about the martyrdom of the apostle James (Acts 12:2). Beyond that, historians and other writers offer accounts of the deaths of Jesus’ disciples. It is thought that all the disciples, with the exception of John, were put to death for their faith in Jesus Christ.

Prior to their deaths, Judas Iscariot took his own life (Matthew 27:5).

I am sorry to hear about the difficulties you are experiencing. Scripture is silent on the issue of cremation, so our church body does not have an official stance on the subject. Individuals have freedom to choose between traditional burial and cremation. To remove that freedom would amount to burdening consciences.

There was a time when some voices in the Christian church cautioned against cremation. In a day and age when some unbelievers utilized cremation as a way to defy God (“Let’s see if this supposed God can put me back together some day.”), some Christians advocated that followers of the Lord not cremate their bodies, so as not to be associated with unbelievers or an activity of unbelievers.

That type of taunting has largely disappeared, so Christians today who make use of cremation are not likely to be confused with unbelievers. The choice of cremation over burial often includes ecological, economical and convenience factors. In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with traditional burial: “Dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19). And, regardless of cremation or burial, “All who are in their graves will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out” (John 5:28-29).

What a blessing for you to know and believe in “the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting” (The Apostles’ Creed). God bless you.

Luke 16:22 speaks of Lazarus and angels who “carried him to Abraham’s side” (Luke 16:22). Is it possible that angels provide similar service to all believers who die? It is possible. Scripture does not explicitly teach that.

Does Jesus himself usher believers home to heaven? The Bible does not teach that. Jesus promised the repentant thief that he would be with him in paradise that day (Luke 23:43). There is no mention of Jesus ushering him home.

The apostle Paul wrote of his desire “to depart and be with Christ” (Philippians 1:23). Paul’s words illustrate that being with Jesus in heaven is of utmost importance. Death provides the opportunity for Christians to leave this world and be with Jesus in heaven. According to Scripture, we can speak of Christians who have died in the faith as being in heaven. The Bible’s emphasis is clearly on the location of believers’ souls after death, without any description of the soul’s immediate transition from earth to heaven.

1 Thessalonians 4:13-17 describes what will take place on the Last Day. Jesus will return visibly to this world. He will be accompanied by the souls of believers who were in heaven with him. Christians who are alive on the earth on the Last Day will “meet the Lord in the air” (verse 17).

While we may have unanswered questions about the Bible now, what a blessing it is to have the answer to the most important question a person could ask: “What must I do to be saved?” “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved.” (Acts 16:30-31). We enjoy salvation now through the forgiveness of sins. We will enjoy it forever in the presence of God.

As a Christian, the new self in you can certainly choose to be happy and rejoice in the midst of difficulties. As you noted, such happiness is possible only because of God’s deeds and promises.

At the end of a terrifically disastrous day, one in which he lost his possessions and his children, Job in the Old Testament said, “The LORD gave and the LORD has taken away; may the name of the LORD be praised” (Job 1:20). Job’s response was not typical of human nature. His response of praise came from without—from God.

When it comes to the death of fellow Christians, Job’s response can be ours through the power of God (Philippians 2:13). While the death of fellow Christians can sadden our lives because of our temporary separation from them, there is reason for joy and praise when we think of their new lives in the presence of God in heaven. This is the reason why the Christian’s grief is different from the unbeliever’s grief (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18).

The reasons why Christians can have the attitudes of joy and praise at the death of fellow Christians are God’s deeds and promises. One of our hymns reminds us: “In the midst of earthly life Snares of death surround us. Who shall help us in the strife Lest the foe confound us? You only, Lord, you only!…” “In the midst of death’s dark vale Pow’rs of hell o’ertake us, Who will help when they assail, Who secure will make us? You only, Lord, you only!…” (Christian Worship 534:1-2)

By his own death and resurrection, Jesus Christ “has destroyed death and has brought life and immortality to light through the gospel” (2 Timothy 1:10). Jesus, the risen Savior, promises: “I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die” (John 11:25-26).

Living in a world so thoroughly affected by sin negatively impacts our joy and happiness as children of God. That is why we look forward to the complete removal of sin and its effects in our lives; we look forward to the time when we will experience perfect joy and peace forever (Revelation 21:4). God’s blessings to you.

Another part of Scripture to which I could direct your attention is the account of the rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31). The rich man who died and went to hell wanted to get a message to his brothers on earth to warn them about the place of suffering he was experiencing. His request was denied. His brothers did not need any special messages or messengers because Scripture was available to them (Luke 16:29-31). The Bible explains how to avoid hell and, instead, experience eternal joys in heaven (Mark 16:16).

When death takes place, judgment also takes place (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Hebrews 9:27). The souls of Christians go to heaven, while the souls of unbelievers go to hell (Luke 16:22-23). On the Last Day, Jesus will make public the judgments that took place when people died; he will also render judgment on those who are alive on the earth when he returns (Matthew 25:31-46; 2 Timothy 4:1).

One can see pain and hurt in your words. I extend my sympathy to you in your loss. More than that, I want to remind you of the daily meaning Easter has for Christians like you. Because Jesus lives, those who believe in him have life eternal, even though they experience physical death (John 11:25-26; 14:19). May God always be a refuge and strength for you and your family.

I, of course, do not have any information that might explain the reaction of others to your loss. Unfortunately, when death takes place, sometimes people—even Christians—do not know what to say. And so, rather than risk saying something wrong, they say nothing. That is not helpful, as your words indicate. Sometimes the best and the most Christians can do initially for a fellow Christian who has experienced the death of a loved one is simply to listen. In addition, they can point grieving Christians to the comfort of God’s word.

The reaction of others to your loss certainly does not change your status with God. As a child of God, God’s love for you began in eternity (Ephesians 1:4). His love brought you into his family (1 John 3:1). His love means you will enjoy a perfect and glorious eternity (Psalm 23:6). God bless you and your family.

When a Christian dies, the soul immediately goes to heaven (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Luke 23:43; Hebrews 9:27). Burial or cremation take place after that. Choosing cremation over traditional burial will not affect your eternal relationship with God.

After sin entered the world, God announced to Adam, “By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19). As the wages of sin (Romans 6:23), death would be the common experience for people, and the body would begin the process of decomposition at death. In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with burial.

Regardless of cremation or burial, “…a time is coming when all who are in their graves will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out” (John 5:28-29).

Since the Bible is silent on the subject of cremation, Christians are free to choose burial or cremation.

The Bible describes the resurrection—and transformation of the bodies of all Christians—as being instantaneous (1 Corinthians 15:51-52). The God who made all things from nothing (Genesis 1) will raise the bodies of all who have died and reunite bodies and souls (John 5:28-29). Nothing is impossible for our all-powerful God (Jeremiah 32:27).

Followers of the Lord enjoy Christian freedom to choose between cremation or traditional burial. The Bible does not address the subject of dividing the cremains.

The comfort you can bring now, before a death of this nature takes place, is that God is gracious and loving and forgiving.  The family member who is dying is on the receiving end of God’s forgiving love in Christ (John 3:16).  That family member is a person for whom the Son of God gave his lifeblood to wash away sins (1 John 2:2).  That family member is on the receiving end of God’s invitation to enjoy full and free salvation (Isaiah 55:1-3).

You can share that comfort and also the urgent reminder that this life is the only time when the Holy Spirit can change hearts so that people enjoy God’s eternal love (Isaiah 55:6-7; 2 Corinthians 6:2).

You have an important message to share.  And, once shared, pray that God blesses the words shared for the eternal benefit of all involved.  God bless your testimony!

The Bible has much to say about life and death.  Life is important because it is a time of grace; it is the only time people have to be brought to a confession of their sins and a confession of faith in Jesus Christ as their Savior (2 Corinthians 6:1-2; Hebrews 9:27).

God makes it clear in the Bible that only he—directly or indirectly through his representatives in government—has the right to end a person’s life (Deuteronomy 32:39; Psalm 31:15; Psalm 90:3; Romans 13:4).  Along with suicide, God forbids murder.  Since God forbids the taking of one’s life (Exodus 20:13; Deuteronomy 32:39; Psalm 31:15), assisting a person to end life is equally forbidden.

Christian Life Resources has much good information on this subject.  You can jump to their section on “Assisted Suicide” information via this link.  Supplied with biblical information, you and I can witness to others about the precious gift of life and their only Savior from sin:  Jesus Christ.

No, they are not necessarily the same thing.  I do not know the context of your question, but I can think of situations in which people would give up their lives for others (“dying willingly”), and their deaths would not by any means be considered suicides.  I think of a soldier in combat, throwing himself on an explosive device to shield his fellow soldiers.  That is an act of amazing bravery and sacrificial love, not a suicidal action.

The distinction between “dying willingly” and “suicide” is one that Jesus also made.  He said, “Greater love has no one than this, that he lay down his life for his friends” (John 15:13).  And of course Jesus did more than talk about laying down his life.  He did that.  He laid down his life for people who were his enemies, not his friends, because of sin and unbelief.  What a Savior we have in Jesus!

When a person dies, the body and soul are separated and there is immediate judgment by God (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Hebrews 9:27).  The lifeless body remains on the earth, while the soul is in heaven or hell (Luke 16:19-31).  That last Scripture reference informs us that souls do not leave heaven or hell.  Those who have died do not return to this world as ghosts.

Still, what might explain unusual events in this world?  We do know that Satan and evil spirits or demons roam the earth (Job 2:2; Matthew 12:43-45; 1 Peter 5:8).  Satan’s powers exceed our own natural powers (Ephesians 6:12).  Satan uses his powers to lie and try to rob people of spiritual and eternal life (John 8:44).  We can attribute paranormal experiences to Satan.

Thankfully for us, Satan is a defeated enemy.  Through his redeeming work, Jesus crushed his head (Genesis 3:15).  It is a matter of time before Satan is put out of commission entirely (Revelation 20:7-10).  Until that time, we arm ourselves for battle against Satan (Ephesians 6:16), and know that we have the upper hand because of the Lord’s power and promises (James 4:7).  Hopefully with information like this, you can address your own questions and the questions of others.

Your question underscores the benefits and challenges, in this case, that advancements in medical technology have given us.  Allow me to pass along information that Rev. Robert Fleischmann, National Director of Christian Life Resources, shared with me on the subject:

There is considerable disagreement in society about “what is death.”  A diagnosis of “brain dead” used to mean the complete cessation of all measurable activity in the cerebral cortex and the brain stem.  Failure in both of those areas of the brain causes the lungs to stop processing air, the heart to stop pumping blood and, without a circulation of oxygen throughout the body, there is death.

What has happened, however, is that defining death has become more a process of measuring quality of life.  Patients deemed to be in a “persistent vegetative state” (PVS) are often called “brain dead” but, in actuality, while showing minimal or no activity in the cerebral cortex, their brain stem is functioning, the lungs are processing air and the heart is migrating that air throughout the blood by means of the blood system.  A recent study has demonstrated that PVS patients actually show awareness of their surroundings but are unable to respond.

Some people are moving quickly to a purely quality of life measurement.  Maladies like dementia, Alzheimer’s or trauma to the brain which reduce its activity is interpreted by some to be “essentially dead” because of the declined quality of life.

Scripture tells us that God breathed life into the first man (Genesis 2:7) and that breathing (the process of taking in oxygen) is life (Job 33:4; Ezekiel 37:5; Acts 17:25).  Elsewhere Scripture instructs us that death comes with the last breath – the removal of life-sustaining oxygen (Genesis 25:8; 1 Kings 17:17-18; Mark 15:37; Luke 23:46).

Some object to ventilator support because it is “artificial.”  Yet, we use all sorts of artificial equipment and medicine to help us breath better, take in more oxygen and be healthy.

Biologically, death is present when the body as a whole no longer takes in and processes oxygen.  Close encounters with death always involve the interruption of oxygen to a portion of the body.  With a stroke, a clot cuts off oxygen-rich blood to portions of the brain.  With a heart attack, a chamber of the heart stalls in its task of cycling oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.  With cancer, we see infected cells that no longer transport and process oxygen.  That is why the death of Christ was confirmed with the spear stab to the abdomen.  The outpouring of blood and water provided evidence that the body was no longer circulating blood and that it had begun to settle in the lower parts of the anatomy (John 19:34).  Other organs had also failed.

Final death comes when all of this is irreversible.  Through the blessing of technology God has permitted  us to more closely observe near death and death.  That same technology is often God’s instrument of protecting and prolonging life.

In summary, if there truly was brain death, the body would not be cycling and processing the oxygen received through the ventilator.  The body would not be staying warm.  There would be no measurement of activity in either the cerebral cortex or the brain stem.

Ventilator support is assistive in nature.  It requires the “cooperation” of the other body organs to make bringing in oxygen effective.  Death, therefore, becomes near not only with diminished brain activity, but you will see other indicators as well, such as failure of the kidneys, liver, pancreas and heart.

Simply stated, life is the body taking in oxygen (an unborn child does this by getting all of her oxygen through the umbilical cord from the placenta) and disseminating it throughout the body.  Death, therefore, would be the opposite.  As the body dies, the absence of oxygen can be observed through the cascading effect of multiple organ failures.  And when death takes place, the body and soul separate (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Luke 23:43, 46; Acts 7:59).

You will find more information on end of life issues on the Christian Life Resources website.

Scripture is silent on the issue of cremation.  It is a matter of personal preference when it comes to burial or cremation.  There was a time not that long ago when some voices in the Christian church cautioned against cremation.  In a day and age when some unbelievers utilized cremation as a way to defy God (“Let’s see if this supposed God can put me back together some day.”), some Christians advocated that followers of the Lord not cremate their bodies, so as not to be associated with unbelievers or an activity of unbelievers.

That type of taunting has largely disappeared, so Christians today who make use of cremation are not likely to be confused with unbelievers.  The choice of cremation over burial often includes ecological, economical and convenience factors.

In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with burial:  “Dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19).  And, regardless of cremation or burial, “All who are in their graves will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out” (John 5:28-29).  What a blessing to know and believe in “the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting” (The Apostles’ Creed).  God grant that same blessing to many more.

Allow me to pass along my sympathy to you and your family.  Death was never part of God’s design for his creation.  Death is an intruder into God’s perfect world.  Death is a consequence of sin (Romans 6:23).  As Christians, our joy is that by his victory over death Jesus Christ has turned death into the means by which his followers enter the presence of God in heaven.  Our joy is in the Bible’s declaration that “Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on” (Revelation 14:13).

Scripture does not indicate to us that Christians in heaven are watching over us on earth.  Isaiah 63:16 would seem to rule out the saints in heaven watching over the saints on earth.  What the Bible does teach is that God watches over us always (Psalm 121) and that God uses his holy angels as part of his providential care of us (Hebrews 1:14).

Your niece sees it correctly—that God “is the true source of her strength.”  God has promised never to leave or forsake his followers (Hebrews 13:5).  He has promised to strengthen and uphold his children (Isaiah 41:10).  He has promised his abiding love (Isaiah 54:10).  Through Word and Sacrament God nourishes our faith and strengthens us for godly living.

To you, your niece and your families:  “May our Lord Jesus Christ himself and God our Father, who loved us and by his grace gave us eternal encouragement and good hope, encourage your hearts and strengthen you in every good deed and word” (2 Thessalonians 2:16-17).

While the body is physical and can be seen, the soul is immaterial and not visible.  When the apostle John relates that he “saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain because of the word of God and the testimony they had maintained” (Revelation 6:9), we recognize the genre of Scripture and understand that John was describing what he saw through a vision that God granted him.  John thus saw what human eyes normally cannot see.

The account of the Rich Man and Lazarus that you cited definitely illustrates that death is the separation of the body and soul.  At death, the body remains on the earth, while the soul immediately goes to heaven or hell.  On the last day God will raise the dead and join bodies and souls together.  While the soul is what gives life to the body, I would not equate the soul to “a ghost-like appearance of one’s body.”

You question does lead one to ponder about eternity and to tend to the needs of our souls through faithful use of the means of grace.  May we do just that.

We believe that “Abraham’s bosom” (“Abraham’s side” in many Bible translations) is synonymous with “heaven.”  The account of the rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19-31) explains that the souls of two men went to two vastly different places upon their deaths:  heaven and hell.

“Abraham’s bosom” is a fitting term for heaven when one considers that followers of the Lord Jesus are called sons and children of Abraham (Luke 19:9; Galatians 3:7).  The idea of “Abraham’s bosom” being a holding place for the dead before Jesus’ resurrection is what the Roman Catholic Church has in mind with its teaching of limbus patrum (limbo of the fathers).  The teaching has no scriptural basis.

We know from God’s revelation in the Bible that all people are sinners and in need of forgiveness from the moment of their conception (Psalm 51:5).  We know from God’s revelation in the Bible that faith in Jesus Christ saves and unbelief condemns (Mark 16:16).  We know from God’s revelation in the Bible that God works saving faith in people through the gospel.  God’s revelation to us in the Bible is that people need to have the gospel of Jesus Christ to be brought to saving faith in the Lord.  Going beyond what God has revealed in the Bible is speculation on our part.  Suffice it to say that your question is an incentive for the Christian Church to do what Jesus said:  “Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation” (Mark 16:15).

You are reading those passages correctly (and there are additional accounts of people in both the Old and New Testaments being raised to life).  While death is the separation of body and soul (with the soul going to heaven or hell), resurrection is the reuniting of body and soul.  The Bible is simply silent on what kind of memories those who died and were raised to life might have had about their experiences.

I am not sure what funeral service plans you have in mind that were not approved by a pastor.  I can only guess that perhaps people, on their own, made the request in their plans to have certain friends or family members serve as musicians or officiants in the funeral service.  Then, when the time came for those plans to be implemented, family members were surprised to learn that those individuals would not be able to serve in those capacities after all because they are outside our fellowship.

Otherwise, pastors will work with the suggested hymns and Bible readings.  Pastors will receive information from families and gauge what biographical information is to be included in the funeral worship service folder.  Local practice will determine to what degree the content of a newspaper obituary aligns with the service folder information.

Your question about funeral service planning is a good reminder of what we all can do to make a challenging time less stressful for our loved ones.  Different organizations do provide funeral planning guides, as you noted.  I would like to make you aware of one that is included in a packet of information from WELS Ministry of Christian Giving.  The document is called “Estate Planning for the Christian Steward” and is available via this link.  (Scroll down to File C once you land on the website page.)  Pages 25-27 of the document have application to your questions.

Congregations would do well to encourage their members to make funeral plans, submit them to their pastor for review and have the plans filed at the church office.  Again, that preliminary work can make a challenging time for loved ones less stressful.

The Bible reports six cases of suicide: Abimelech (Judges 9:52-54), Saul (1 Samuel 31:4), Saul’s armor-bearer (1 Samuel 31:5), Ahithophel (2 Samuel 17:23), Zimri (1 Kings 16:15-20), and Judas Iscariot (Matthew 27:3-5). Some would include Samson (Judges 16:25-30) in the list, yet his death was not a selfish act of self destruction but a self-sacrificing act similar to that of a soldier who sacrifices himself for his fellow soldiers. His final act did not reflect despair and hopelessness but a prayerful trust in the true God. For this reason he is mentioned among the people of faith in Hebrews 11:32. However, this was not the case with the other six that were mentioned above. They acted in despair and unbelief and forfeited any hope of heaven.

But even though the examples of suicide mentioned in the Bible are all negative, this does not mean that every person who takes his or her own life is eternally lost. Perhaps a person is suffering from a pyschological disorder. Like other organs and parts of the body, the brain can also malfunction. Or perhaps someone in a moment of emotion crisis acts rashly and takes his or her own life. We cannot say in each of these cases that the person acted in unbelief. And finally it is unbelief that condemns us to eternal punishment, not any particular sin per se. Likewise it is trust in the crucified and risen Savior that saves us—not because we lived a good life, and not because we died a good death, but because he lived and died in our place.

You have been taught accurately. Numerous Scripture passages speak of human beings having an immortal soul. Here are a few such references: Genesis 2:7, Ecclesiastes 12:7; Matthew 10:28; Matthew 16:26; Luke 16:19-31; 2 Corinthians 5:6-9; Revelation 6:9; and, Revelation 20:4.

Ecclesiastes 9:5 needs to be understood in its context. Much of Ecclesiastes speaks of “life under the sun,” life in this world. With that in mind, the verse from Ecclesiastes accurately speaks of death removing people from this world. If there is any thought of Ecclesiastes denying the biblical teaching that people have an immortal soul, that thought is shattered in the last chapter of the book: “…and the dust returns to the ground it came from, and the spirit returns to God who gave it” (Ecclesiastes 12:7).

1 Corinthians 15:50 teaches that the bodies of believers, affected by sin, need to undergo a change, a transformation, before they can enter God’s presence in heaven. Verse 54 of that same chapter speaks of that transformation taking place on the last day.

The context of John 3:13 shows us that Jesus is talking to Nicodemus about entering into God’s kingdom. Jesus is telling Nicodemus that no one can enter heaven except through faith in Jesus as his/her Savior. In verse 3 Jesus speaks about being born again. People enter this world spiritually dead and they have a need for spiritual rebirth (Ephesians 2:1-10). In verse 6 Jesus says that the Spirit gives birth to spiritual life. In verse 13 Jesus explains that no one enters heaven on his own except the one who came from heaven, and in verses 15-18 Jesus says that only those who believe in him as the Savior will have eternal life in heaven.

Acts 2:34 states that David died, and yet before he died, he spoke in Psalm 110 of the Messiah to come. The apostle Peter drew upon this and another of David’s psalms—Psalm 16—in his sermon in Jerusalem on Pentecost.

When death takes place, body and soul separate. Any biblical references to sleep pertain to the body, which is motionless. The soul is in heaven or hell, based on Christian faith or the absence of it. Luke 16:19-31 illustrates that God’s judgment is final and eternal.

All this demonstrates how important it is to attend to spiritual matters now (2 Corinthians 6:2).

God’s fifth commandment prohibits the taking of someone else’s life or our own (Exodus 20:13). God is serious about protecting a person’s life because that is the only time a person has to be brought to saving faith in Jesus Christ. When life on earth comes to an end, judgment also takes place (Hebrews 9:27). People with saving faith will enjoy eternity with God, while unbelievers will spend eternity apart from God, in hell (Mark 16:16). While we do not know the judgment that takes place at a person’s death, that judgment will be made public on the last day (Matthew 25:31-46).

In years past, individuals who took their own lives were often treated as a group: they were automatically considered to be people who were lost forever. In more recent times there has been a greater understanding of psychological and mental issues that might contribute to a person taking his or her life, while still dying in the Christian faith. This does not minimize the seriousness of suicide or its tragic effects on survivors; it provides explanation only.

The biblical accounts of suicide (1 Samuel 31:4; Matthew 27:5; Acts 1:25) do not give us hope for the individuals involved. But, again, we do not jump to the conclusion that all people who take their own lives are eternally lost. We leave the judgment of hearts to God.

Since the Bible is silent on the subject of cremation, Christians are free to choose burial or cremation.

There was a time not that long ago when some voices in the Christian church cautioned against cremation. In a day and age when some unbelievers utilized cremation as a way to defy God (“Let’s see if this supposed God can put me back together some day.”), some Christians advocated that followers of the Lord not cremate their bodies, so as not to be associated with unbelievers or an activity of unbelievers. That element of taunting God has largely disappeared from the practice of cremation, so Christians today who make use of cremation are not likely to be confused with unbelievers.

The choice of cremation over burial often includes ecological, economical and convenience factors. In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with burial: “Dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19). And, regardless of cremation or burial, “…all who are in their graves will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out” (John 5:28-29). What a blessing to know and believe in “the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting” (The Apostles’ Creed).

First, let me express my sympathy to you and your family upon the death of your mother-in-law. Death was an intruder into God’s perfect world, but thanks be to God that Jesus Christ has conquered death and shares his victory with all who are joined to him in faith (John 11:25-26).

Our pastors generally officiate at the funerals of church members and also non-members from whom they received a confession of faith during their ministry to them. When one of our pastors receives a request to officiate at the funeral of a person who did not desire the ministry of the church during life, it certainly seems to be consistent with the wishes of that person not to receive the ministry of the church when life on earth comes to an end.

Pastors conducting funeral services in our churches do not “bless” the deceased. Our pastors minister to the needs of surviving family and friends. If a pastor is not able to officiate at the funeral of someone who was not affiliated with his church or from whom he did not receive a confession of faith, there are ways in which he can minister to the needs of survivors outside a funeral service.

A Christian funeral service is a worship service conducted by the pastor of that congregation. As such, the content of the funeral service reflects the faith that the church teaches and the members profess—especially by their affiliation with the congregation.

Through their calls, our pastors serve as representatives of their congregations. The actions they take reflect on the congregations they serve. Through the decisions that they make regarding funeral service requests, our pastors seek to give the clearest testimony to others of the gospel of Jesus Christ. Through their words and actions, they want others to know that there is salvation only through Jesus Christ (Acts 4:12) and that acknowledging Jesus Christ as Savior is vitally important (Matthew 10:32).

Human beings are God’s children in the sense that they received life from him (Acts 17:28-29), but Christians are adopted members of God’s family who enjoy his forgiving love now and forever (John 1:12-13; Galatians 4:4-5).

As I was not privy to the conversation you had with one of our pastors, I am not able to address the details of it.  I would simply encourage you to contact him so that this matter can be resolved peaceably. God bless you.

I can assure you that the church does not look down on people who are not members. The church is interested in reaching out to people with the gospel of Jesus Christ.

Let me try to address your situation this way. Our pastors generally officiate at the funerals of church members and also non-members from whom they received a confession of faith during their ministry to them. When one of our pastors receives a request to officiate at the funeral of a person who did not desire the ministry of the church during life, it certainly seems to be consistent with the wishes of that person not to receive the ministry of the church when life on earth comes to an end. If a pastor is not able to officiate at the funeral of someone who was not affiliated with his church or from whom he did not receive a confession of faith, there are ways in which he can minister to the survivors outside a funeral service.

A Christian funeral service is a worship service conducted by the pastor of that congregation. As such, the content of the funeral service reflects the faith that the church teaches and the faith the members profess—especially by their affiliation with the congregation.

Through their calls, our pastors serve as representatives of their congregations. The actions they take reflect on the congregations they serve. Through the decisions that they make regarding funeral service requests, our pastors seek to give the clearest testimony to others of the gospel of Jesus Christ. Through their words and actions, they want others to know that there is salvation only through Jesus Christ (Acts 4:12) and that acknowledging Jesus Christ as Savior is vitally important (Matthew 10:32).

I encourage you to do what you can so that you and your wife have a conversation with your pastor. Do give him the opportunity to explain more fully the reasons behind his decision. I pray that God blesses you and your family with peace, love and harmony.

Scripture is silent on the subject of cremation. It is a matter of personal preference when it comes to burial or cremation.

There was a time when some voices in the Christian church cautioned against cremation. In a day and age when some unbelievers utilized cremation as a way to defy God (“Let’s see if this supposed God can put me back together some day.”), some Christians advocated that followers of the Lord not cremate their bodies, so as not to be associated with unbelievers or an activity of unbelievers.

That type of taunting has largely disappeared, so Christians today who make use of cremation are not likely to be confused with unbelievers. The choice of cremation over burial often includes ecological, economical and convenience factors. In the end, cremation essentially speeds up the process that occurs with burial: “Dust you are and to dust you will return” (Genesis 3:19). And, regardless of cremation or burial, “All who are in their graves will hear his [Jesus’] voice and come out” (John 5:28-29) for judgment on the last day.

There is no church policy regarding the disposal of cremains.

What a blessing to know and believe in “the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting” (The Apostles’ Creed). God grant that same blessing to many more.

First, may you and your family find peace and strength in the victory over death which Jesus secured by his resurrection and which he shares with those joined to him in faith.

You could explain to your daughter that each person consists of two parts: one part that we can see (the body) and one part that we cannot see (the soul). When a person dies, the part that we can see remains on earth, while the part we cannot see goes to God’s presence in heaven (in the case of a Christian). The part that we can see does not have any life in it, but the part we cannot see is very much alive in the presence of God. One day, on the last day, God will join that person’s body and soul together, and life will continue that way forever. For the Christian that life will be perfect and glorious.

I hope this gives you some ideas. God bless you and your family.

At death, the body and the soul separate (Ecclesiastes 12:7). There is immediate judgment (Hebrews 9:27). On the last day God will reunite body and soul (John 5:28-29), and people will experience an eternity in the presence of God or apart from him in hell based on the presence or absence of Christian faith in their hearts.

All this is reason why the message of the Bible is that people tend to the needs of their soul now (2 Corinthians 6:1-2; Hebrews 4:7).

First, please allow me to extend my sympathy to you upon the death of your spouse. The risen and ascended Lord has comfort and strength for you through his precious gospel. I encourage you to give your Savior many opportunities to bring you comfort and strength through hearing and reading the precious word of God and by receiving the Lord’s Supper.

My next encouragement is for you to speak to your pastor. He is in a position to listen to your concerns and address them. He may have resources, such as grief support groups, that he could recommend to you. Or he might suggest distance grief counseling through Christian Family Solutions.

Resources I could recommend, beyond Scripture, are books from Northwestern Publishing House. This link will take you to the appropriate part of their web site.

Finally, I would encourage you to allow friends, family and church members to reach out to you. In times of loss, people can easily withdraw from the love and support of others. If people offer help and assistance, do accept their offers. At times like this, people genuinely want to help.

Above all, cling to the words and promises of your God. He assures you: “Never will I leave you; never will I forsake you” (Hebrews 13:5). God promises you: “’Though the mountains be shaken and the hills be removed, yet my unfailing love for you will not be shaken nor my covenant of peace be removed,’ says the LORD, who has compassion on you” (Isaiah 54:10). God be with you!

I actually worked in a cemetery for five summers in my student days, so I saw many, many headstones. Unfortunately, I did not write down the better and more meaningful inscriptions that I observed.

Meaning inscriptions that do come to mind are: “To live is Christ and to die is gain” (Philippians 1:21), “In the cross of Christ I glory” (Christian Worship hymnal 345:1), “Heaven is my home” (Christian Worship 417), and “I am the resurrection and the life” (John 11:25).

There are many psalms that could serve well as sermon texts for a Christian funeral service. Again, some that come to mind are: Psalm 23, Psalm 27, Psalm 46, Psalm 103 and Psalm 121. Personal preference will determine if an entire psalm or selected verses are suggested as the sermon text. Your pastor would be a good resource to utilize in making decisions in these areas.

I do commend you for making these plans. All too often, these plans can be left to surviving family members who must then make decisions in a short window of time regarding suggested sermon texts and Scripture readings.

Finally, how wonderful it is that you and I can make plans like these in full confidence in what our Lord promises: “I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; and whoever lives by believing in me will never die” (John 11:25-26). God bless you.

Biblically, the answer is “no.” When death takes place, there is immediate judgment as the body and the soul separate, and the soul goes to heaven or hell (Ecclesiastes 12:7; Luke 16:19-31; Hebrews 9:27). Popular culture may present other ideas, but Scripture presents the truth.