30Ā The next day, since the commander wanted to find out exactly why Paul was being accused by the Jews, he untied him and ordered the chief priests and all the Sanhedrin to meet. Then he brought Paul down and had him stand before them.
Acts 23
1Ā Paul looked straight at the Sanhedrin and said, āGentlemen, [1] brothers, I have lived my life before God with a completely clear conscience to this very day.ā
2Ā But the high priest Ananias ordered those who were standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth. 3Ā Then Paul said to him, āGod is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! You sit there judging me according to the law, and then you order them to strike me contrary to the law!ā
4Ā Those who were standing nearby said, āDo you dare to insult Godās high priest?ā
5Ā Paul replied, āI did not know, brothers, that he is the high priest. Indeed, it is written, āYou shall not speak evil about a ruler of your people.āā [2]
6Ā When Paul realized that some of them were Sadducees and the others were Pharisees, he shouted out in the Sanhedrin, āGentlemen, brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. I am on trial concerning the hope for the resurrection of the dead!ā
7Ā When he said this, a dispute broke out between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the assembly was divided. 8Ā (For the Sadducees say there is no resurrection or angel or spirit, but the Pharisees believe in them all.) 9Ā Then there was a great uproar, and some of the experts in the law who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and protested strongly: āWe find nothing wrong with this man. What if a spirit or an angel spoke to him?ā [3]
10Ā The uproar became so great that the commander was afraid Paul would be torn to pieces by them. He commanded the soldiers to go down, take him away from them by force, and bring him into the barracks.
Footnotes
Acts 23:1 Literally Men
Acts 23:5 Exodus 22:28
Acts 23:9 Some witnesses to the text add āLet us not fight against God!ā
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37Ā As Paul was about to be brought into the barracks, he asked the commander, āMay I say something to you?ā
He replied, āDo you know Greek? 38Ā Are you not the Egyptian who started a revolt some time ago and led four thousand men of the Assassins [1] into the wilderness?ā
39Ā Paul said, āI am a Jew, from Tarsus in Cilicia, a citizen of no insignificant city. I beg you, allow me to speak to the people.ā
40Ā When the commander had given him permission, Paul stood on the steps and motioned with his hand to the people. When they were all silent, Paul addressed them in the Hebrew dialect. [2]
Acts 22
1Ā āGentlemen, brothers, and fathers, listen to my defense, which I am now going to make to you.ā
2Ā When they heard that he was addressing them in the Hebrew dialect, [3] they became even more quiet.
Then he said, 3Ā āI am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city and trained at the feet of Gamaliel, according to the strict ways of the law of our fathers. I am just as zealous for God as all of you are today. 4Ā I persecuted this Way to the death, tying up and throwing both men and women into prisons, 5Ā as also the high priest and the whole council of elders can testify about me. I even received letters from them to the brothers, and I was going to Damascus to bring back those who were there as prisoners to Jerusalem so that they could be punished.
6Ā āWhile I was on the way and approaching Damascus, about noon a very bright light from heaven suddenly flashed around me. 7Ā I fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to me, āSaul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?ā
8Ā āI answered, āWho are you, Lord?ā
āHe said to me, āI am Jesus the Nazarene, whom you are persecuting.ā
9Ā āThose who were with me saw the light, [4] but they did not understand the voice of the one who was speaking to me.
10Ā āI said, āWhat shall I do, Lord?ā
āThe Lord said to me, āGet up and go into Damascus. There you will be told about everything you have been assigned to do.ā 11Ā Since I could not see because of the brightness of that light, those who were with me took me by the hand and led me into Damascus.
12Ā āA man named Ananias lived there. He was a devout observer of the law and highly recommended by all the Jews living there. 13Ā He came to me, and as he stood beside me, he said, āBrother Saul, receive your sight!ā At that very moment I was able to see him.
14Ā āThen he said, āThe God of our fathers has chosen you to know his will and to see the Righteous One and to hear the sound of his voice. 15Ā For you will be his witness to all people of what you have seen and heard. 16Ā Now what are you waiting for? Get up, be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on his name.ā
Footnotes
Acts 21:38 Or dagger men. This group of assassins was called the Sicarii, because of their use of the sicarius, which was a short dagger.
Acts 21:40 Or Aramaic. The Greek word is Hebrew but likely refers to the Aramaic dialect spoken by the Jews at that time and place.
Acts 22:2 Or Aramaic
Acts 22:9 Some witnesses to the text add and were afraid.
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17Ā When we arrived in Jerusalem, the brothers gave us a warm welcome. 18Ā The next day, Paul went with us to see James, and all the elders were present. 19Ā After greeting them, he reported in detail each of the things God had done among the Gentiles through his ministry. 20Ā When they heard this, they praised God. [1]
Then they said to him, āYou see, brother, how many thousands there are among the Jews who have believed, and all of them are zealous observers of the law. 21Ā They have been informed that you teach all the Jews who live among the Gentiles to turn away from Moses, since you are telling them not to circumcise their children or follow our customs. 22Ā So what is to be done? [2] They will certainly hear that you have come. 23Ā So do what we are going to tell you.
āWe have four men who have taken a vow. 24Ā Take them with you, go through the ceremony of purification with them, and pay their expenses so that they can have their heads shaved. Then everyone will know that there is nothing to the reports that have been made about you, but that you yourself are carefully following the law. 25Ā As for the Gentiles who believe, we have sent them a letter about the resolution [3] that they should avoid food sacrificed to idols, blood, the meat of strangled animals, and sexual immorality.ā
26Ā The next day, Paul took the men and went through the ceremony of purification with them. He entered the temple to announce the date when the days of purification would end and the offering would be made for each of them.
Paul Is Arrested
27Ā When the seven days were almost over, Jews from the province of Asia saw Paul in the temple. They stirred up the whole crowd and seized him, 28Ā shouting, āMen of Israel, help! This is the man who teaches everyone everywhere against our people and our law, and against this place. And now he has even brought Greeks into the temple and has defiled this holy place.ā 29Ā (They had previously seen Trophimus the Ephesian in the city with him and assumed that Paul had brought him into the temple.)
30Ā The whole city was stirred up, and the people rushed together as a mob. They seized Paul, dragged him out of the temple, and immediately the gates were shut. 31Ā While they were looking for a way to kill him, a report went up to the commander of the cohort [4] that all Jerusalem was in an uproar. 32Ā He immediately took soldiers and centurions and ran down to them. When they saw the commander and the soldiers, they stopped beating Paul.
33Ā Then the commander approached Paul, arrested him, and gave an order that he should be bound with two chains. He asked who Paul was and what he had done. 34Ā Some in the crowd were shouting one thing and some another. Since the commander could not find out the truth because of the uproar, he ordered his men to take Paul away to the barracks. 35Ā When he came to the steps, Paul had to be carried by the soldiers because of the violence of the mob. 36Ā The large number of people that was following kept shouting, āAway with him!ā
Footnotes
Acts 21:20 Some witnesses to the text read the Lord.
Acts 21:22 Some witnesses to the text add A crowd is bound to come together, for they.
Acts 21:25 Some witnesses to the text add that they should observe no such thing except.
Acts 21:31 A cohort was a Roman military unit that usually consisted of six hundred men.
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1 After we [1] tore ourselves away from them and set sail, we headed straight to Cos, and the next day to Rhodes, and from there to Patara. 2Ā When we found a ship crossing over to Phoenicia, we went on board and set sail. 3Ā After sighting Cyprus and passing by on its south side, we sailed to Syria and put in to port at Tyre, because there the ship was to unload its cargo.
4Ā We located the disciples and stayed there seven days. Through the Spirit, they kept telling Paul not to go to Jerusalem. 5Ā When our time there came to an end, we left and went on our way. All of them, with their wives and children, accompanied us out of the city. We knelt down on the beach and prayed. 6Ā After saying good-bye to each other, we went on board the ship, and they returned home.
To Caesarea
7Ā When we completed our voyage from Tyre, we arrived at Ptolemais. There we greeted the brothers [2] and stayed with them for one day. 8Ā The next day, we left and came to Caesarea. We entered the house of Philip the evangelist, who was one of the Seven, and stayed with him. 9Ā He had four virgin daughters, who prophesied. 10Ā After we had stayed there for a number of days, a prophet named Agabus came down from Judea. 11Ā When he came to us, he took Paulās belt, tied his own feet and hands with it, and said, āThis is what the Holy Spirit says: āThis is the way the Jews at Jerusalem will bind the man who owns this belt and will deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles.āā
12Ā When we heard this, both we and the local residents urged Paul not to go up to Jerusalem. 13Ā Then Paul answered, āWhat are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound but also to die in Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus.ā 14Ā Since he could not be persuaded, we said nothing more except, āMay the Lordās will be done.ā
In Jerusalem
15Ā After those days we got ready and went up to Jerusalem. 16Ā Some of the disciples from Caesarea also went with us and brought us to Mnason, with whom we were to stay. He was from Cyprus and was one of the first disciples.
Footnotes
Acts 21:1 Luke is included.
Acts 21:7 When context indicates it, the Greek word for brothers may refer to all fellow believers, male and female.
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17Ā From Miletus, Paul sent to Ephesus and called for the elders of the church. 18Ā When they came to him, he said to them, āYou know how I lived the whole time I was with you, from the first day I set foot in the province of Asia. 19Ā I served the Lord with all humility, with tears, and with the trials that came to me due to the plots of the Jews. 20Ā You know how I did not hesitate to proclaim to you anything that would be beneficial for you or to teach you publicly and from house to house. 21Ā I have solemnly testified to both Jews and Greeks about repentance toward God and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. [1]
22Ā āAnd you see, now I am going to Jerusalem, compelled by the Spirit, not knowing what will happen to me there, 23Ā except that the Holy Spirit keeps warning me in town after town that chains and afflictions are waiting for me. 24Ā However, I consider my life as of no great value to me, so that I may finish my race and the ministry I received from the Lord Jesusāto testify to the gospel of Godās grace.
25Ā āNow take note of this too. I know that none of you among whom I went around preaching the kingdom of God will ever see my face again. 26Ā Therefore I solemnly declare to you today that I am innocent of the blood of all of you, 27Ā for I did not hesitate to proclaim to you the whole counsel of God.
28Ā āAlways keep watch over yourselves and over the whole flock in which the Holy Spirit has placed you as overseers, to shepherd the church of God, [2] which he purchased with his own blood. 29Ā I know that after my departure savage wolves, who will not spare the flock, will come in among you. 30Ā Even from your own group men will rise up, twisting the truth in order to draw away disciples after them. 31Ā Therefore be always on the alert! Remember that for three years, night and day, I never stopped warning each one of you with tears.
32Ā āAnd now I entrust you to God and to the word of his grace, which has power to build you up and to give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified. 33Ā I did not covet anyoneās silver or gold or clothing. 34Ā You yourselves know that these hands have provided for my needs and for those who were with me. 35Ā In every way I gave you an example that, by working hard like this, we need to help the weak and to remember the words that the Lord Jesus himself said: āIt is more blessed to give than to receive.āā
36Ā After Paul said these things, he knelt down with all of them and prayed. 37Ā They all wept very much, as they threw their arms around Paulās neck and kissed him. 38Ā They were most distressed over the statement he made, that they would never see his face again. Then they accompanied him to the ship.
Footnotes
Acts 20:21 A few witnesses to the text omit Christ.
Acts 20:28 Some witnesses to the text read the Lord.
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1 After the uproar had ended, Paul sent for the disciples and encouraged them. After saying good-bye, he left to go to Macedonia. 2Ā After he had gone through those areas and had spoken many words of encouragement to the people, he came to Greece 3Ā and stayed there three months.
Because a plot was made against him by the Jews just as he was about to set sail for Syria, he decided to go back through Macedonia. 4Ā He was accompanied [1] by Sopater son of Pyrrhus from Berea, Aristarchus and Secundus from Thessalonica, Gaius from Derbe, Timothy, along with Tychicus and Trophimus from the province of Asia. 5Ā These men went on ahead and waited for us [2] at Troas. 6Ā We sailed from Philippi after the days of Unleavened Bread, and within five days we came to them at Troas, where we stayed seven days.
Eutychus Raised From the Dead
7Ā On the first day of the week, when we were gathered together to break bread, Paul spoke to the people. Since he intended to leave the next day, he continued talking until midnight. 8Ā There were many lamps in the upstairs room where we were gathered. 9Ā Seated in a window was a young man named Eutychus. He was sinking into a deep sleep as Paul kept on talking for a long time. When he was sound asleep, he fell down from the third story and was picked up dead. 10Ā Paul went down, bent over him, threw his arms around him, and said, āDo not be alarmed, because he is alive!ā 11Ā Then he went upstairs, broke bread, and ate. After talking for a considerable time until dawn, he left. 12Ā They brought the boy home alive and were greatly comforted.
On to Miletus
13Ā We went on ahead to the ship and sailed for Assos, where we were going to take Paul aboard. He had arranged it this way, since he was intending to travel there by land. 14Ā When he met us at Assos, we took him on board and went to Mitylene. 15Ā From there we set sail. We arrived off Chios the next day. The day after that we crossed over to Samos, and [3] on the following day we came to Miletus. 16Ā Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus, so that he would not have to spend time in the province of Asia. He was in a hurry to be in Jerusalem, if possible, by the day of Pentecost.
Footnotes
Acts 20:4 Some witnesses to the text add as far as Asia.
Acts 20:5 Luke is included.
Acts 20:15 Some witnesses to the text add after staying at Trogyllium.
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21Ā After all this had happened, Paul resolved in his spirit [1] to go to Jerusalem by traveling through Macedonia and Achaia. āAfter I have been there,ā he said, āI must also see Rome.ā 22Ā After sending two of his assistants, Timothy and Erastus, to Macedonia, he stayed in the province of Asia for a while.
The Riot in Ephesus
23Ā During that time there was more than a minor disturbance about the Way. 24Ā A certain silversmith named Demetrius, who made silver shrines of Artemis, brought in no little income for the craftsmen. 25Ā He called them together, along with the workers in similar trades, and said, āMen, you know that our prosperity comes from this income. 26Ā You also see and hear that not merely in Ephesus but throughout almost the entire province of Asia, this Paul has persuaded and turned away a large number of people. He says that gods made by hands are not gods at all! 27Ā Not only is there danger that our trade may be discredited, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis may be considered worthless. Then she will suffer the loss of her magnificence, although she is worshipped by the whole province of Asia and the world.ā
28Ā When they heard this, they were filled with rage and began to shout, āGreat is Artemis of the Ephesians!ā 29Ā The city was filled with confusion, and with one goal in mind they rushed to the theater, dragging along Gaius and Aristarchus, Macedonians who were Paulās traveling companions. 30Ā Paul wanted to enter the public assembly, but the disciples would not let him. 31Ā Even some of the provincial officials of Asia, who were his friends, sent him a message begging him not to venture into the theater.
32Ā Some were shouting one thing, others another, because the assembly was in confusion. Most of them did not even know why they had come together. 33Ā They made Alexander come out of the crowd. [2] It was the Jews who pushed him forward. Alexander motioned with his hand and wanted to make his defense to the assembly. 34Ā But when they recognized that he was a Jew, a single cry rose from all of them. For about two hours, they kept shouting, āGreat is Artemis of the Ephesians!ā
35Ā After the town clerk had quieted the crowd, he said, āMen of Ephesus, who is there who does not know that the city of the Ephesians is the keeper of the temple of the great Artemis and of her image that fell from heaven? 36Ā Therefore, since these things cannot be denied, you need to be quiet and not do anything rash. 37Ā For you have brought these men here who are neither temple robbers nor blasphemers of our [3] goddess. 38Ā If Demetrius and his fellow craftsmen have a complaint against anyone, the courts are open, and there are proconsuls. Let them press charges against one another. 39Ā If you want to pursue something about other matters, [4] it should be settled in the legal assembly. 40Ā For we are in danger of being charged with rioting today, because we will not be able to give any reason for this disorderly mob.ā 41Ā After he had said this, he dismissed the assembly.
Footnotes
Acts 19:21 Or in the Spirit
Acts 19:33 A few witnesses to the text read Some in the crowd gave Alexander instructions.
Acts 19:37 Some witnesses to the text read your.
Acts 19:39 A few witnesses to the text read If there is anything further that you want.
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1 While Apollos was at Corinth, Paul traveled through the interior districts and came to Ephesus. There he found some disciples 2Ā and asked them, āDid you receive the Holy Spirit when you became believers?ā
āNo,ā they answered, āwe have not even heard that the Holy Spirit was given.ā
3Ā Paul asked, āWhat were you baptized into then?ā
They replied, āInto Johnās baptism.ā
4Ā Paul said, āJohn baptized with a baptism of repentance, telling the people to believe in the one coming after him, that is, in Jesus. [1]5Ā When they heard this, they were baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus.ā [2]
6Ā When Paul laid his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they began to speak in other languages and to prophesy. 7Ā There were about twelve men in all.
8Ā Paul entered the synagogue and spoke boldly for three months, leading discussions and trying to persuade them about [3] the kingdom of God. 9Ā But when some became hardened and refused to believe, even slandering the Way in front of the crowd, he left them. He took the disciples with him and led discussions every day in the lecture hall of Tyrannus. 10Ā This went on for two years, with the result that all who lived in the province of Asia, both Jews and Greeks, heard the word of the Lord.
11Ā God was doing extraordinary miracles through Paul, 12Ā so that even handkerchiefs or aprons that had touched his skin were carried away to the sick; their illnesses left them and the evil spirits went out of them.
The Seven Sons of Sceva
13Ā Then some Jewish exorcists who went from place to place tried to invoke the name of the Lord Jesus over those who had evil spirits. They said, āI command you by the Jesus whom Paul preaches to come out!ā 14Ā It was the seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, who were doing this. 15Ā But the evil spirit answered them, āJesus I know, and I am acquainted with Paul, but who are you?ā 16Ā Then the man who had the evil spirit jumped on them, overpowered them, and exercised such complete domination over all of them that they fled from that house naked and wounded.
17Ā This became known to everyone who lived in Ephesus, both Jews and Greeks. They were all overcome with fear, and they held the name of the Lord Jesus in high honor. 18Ā Also many of those who had become believers came forward, confessing and admitting their actions. 19Ā And a large number of those who had practiced magic arts [4] collected their books and burned them in front of everyone. They added up the cost of the books and found it to be fifty thousand pieces of silver. [5]20Ā In this way the word of the Lord was growing and gaining strength.
Footnotes
Acts 19:4 Some witnesses to the text add Christ.
Acts 19:5 The translation treats this verse as a continuation of Paulās words. With this understanding, Paul did not baptize these disciples. However, if the quotation marks are placed at the end of verse 4, Paul did baptize them. The quotation marks are not a part of the original text, so either is textually possible.
Acts 19:8 Some witnesses to the text add things concerning.
Acts 19:19 Or sorcery
Acts 19:19 These pieces of silver were Greek drachmas, each worth about a dayās wage.
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18Ā After Paul stayed many more days, he said good-bye to the brothers and sailed for Syria, accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila. At Cenchrea Paul had his head shaved, because he was keeping a vow.
19Ā Next they arrived at Ephesus, where he left Priscilla and Aquila. Paul himself went into the synagogue and led a discussion with the Jews. 20Ā When they asked him to stay for a longer time, he declined. 21Ā But as he said good-bye, he told them, [1] āI will come back to you again if it is Godās will.ā Then he set sail from Ephesus.
22Ā When he landed at Caesarea, he went up and greeted the church. Then he went down to Antioch. 23Ā After spending some time there, he set out, traveling through one place after another in the region of Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples.
Apollos
24Ā A Jew named Apollos, a native of Alexandria, came to Ephesus. He was an eloquent man and well versed in the Scriptures. 25Ā He had been instructed in the way of the Lord. He spoke with burning zeal and taught the facts about Jesus [2] accurately, although he knew only the baptism of John. 26Ā He began to speak boldly in the synagogue. But when Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him home and explained to him the way of God more accurately.
27Ā When he wanted to cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples to welcome him. When he arrived, he provided much help to those who had become believers by grace, 28Ā because he vigorously refuted the Jews in public, proving from the Scriptures that Jesus was the Christ.
Footnotes
Acts 18:21 Some witnesses to the text add āBy all means I must keep this coming festival in Jerusalem.ā
Acts 18:25 A few witnesses to the text read the Lord.
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1 After this, Paul left Athens and went to Corinth. 2Ā There he found a Jew named Aquila, a native of Pontus, who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had ordered all the Jews to leave Rome. Paul went to see them. 3Ā Because he had the same occupation, he stayed and worked with them, for they were tentmakers by trade. 4Ā Every Sabbath he led a discussion in the synagogue, trying to persuade both Jews and Greeks.
5Ā When Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul was entirely devoted to preaching the word, [1] testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ. 6Ā But when they opposed Paul and slandered him, he shook out his clothes and said to them, āYour blood be on your own heads! I am innocent. From now on, I will go to the Gentiles!ā
7Ā He left that place and went to the house of a man named Titius [2] Justus, a worshipper of God, whose house was next door to the synagogue. 8Ā Crispus, the synagogue leader, believed in the Lord, together with his entire household. And many of the Corinthians, when they heard, believed and were baptized.
9Ā One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision: āDo not be afraid, but keep on speaking, and do not be silent. 10Ā For I am with you, and no one will lay a hand on you to harm you, because I have many people in this city.ā 11Ā He stayed there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.
12Ā But while Gallio was proconsul of Achaia, the Jews made a united attack on Paul and brought him before the judicial bench. 13Ā They said, āThis man is persuading the people to worship God in a way that is against the law.ā
14Ā But just as Paul was about to speak, Gallio said to the Jews, āIf this were some kind of misdemeanor or vicious crime, I would formally accept the complaint of you Jews. 15Ā But since these are disputes about words and names and your own law, see to it yourselves. I do not intend to be a judge of these things.ā 16Ā So he drove them away from the judicial bench. 17Ā Then all the Greeks [3] seized Sosthenes, the synagogue leader, and beat him in front of the judicial bench. But none of these things concerned Gallio.
Footnotes
Acts 18:5 Some witnesses to the text read Paul was urged on in his spirit or urged on by the Spirit.
Acts 18:7 Some witnesses to the text omit Titius.
Acts 18:17 Some witnesses to the text omit the Greeks.
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16Ā While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was very distressed to see that the city was full of idols. 17Ā So he led a discussion in the synagogue with the Jews and those who feared God, as well as with those who happened to be in the marketplace every day.
18Ā Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers also debated with him. Some said, āWhat is this seed picker [1] trying to say?ā Others said, āHe seems to be someone who is proclaiming foreign gods.ā They said this because Paul was preaching the good news about Jesus and the resurrection.
19Ā They took him and brought him to the council of the Areopagus, saying, āMay we know what this new teaching is that you are talking about? 20Ā You seem to be bringing in some ideas that are strange to our ears, so we want to know what these things mean.ā 21Ā (All the Athenians and the foreigners who lived there enjoyed doing nothing more than telling or listening to something new.)
22Ā Then Paul stood up in front of the council of the Areopagus and said, āMen of Athens, I see that you are very religious in every way. 23Ā For as I was walking around and carefully observing your objects of worship, I even found an altar on which had been inscribed, āTo an unknown god.ā Now what you worship as unknownāthis is what I am going to proclaim to you.
24Ā āThe God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in temples made with hands. 25Ā Neither is he served by human hands, as if he needed anything, since he himself gives all people life and breath and everything they have. 26Ā From one man, [2] he made every nation of mankind to live over the entire face of the earth. He determined the appointed times and the boundaries where they would live. 27Ā He did this so they would seek God [3] and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us. 28Ā āFor in him we live and move and have our being.ā [4] As some of your own poets have said, āIndeed, we are also his offspring.ā [5]
29Ā āTherefore, since we are Godās offspring, we should not think that the divine being is like gold or silver or stone, an image formed by human skill and planning. 30Ā Although God overlooked the times of ignorance, he is now commanding all people everywhere to repent, 31Ā because he has set a day on which he is going to judge the world in righteousness by the man he appointed. He provided proof of this to everyone by raising him from the dead.ā
32Ā When they heard about the resurrection from the dead, some of them started to scoff. But others said, āWe want to hear you again on this subject.ā 33Ā So Paul left the council. 34Ā However, some men became followers of Paul and believed. Among them were Dionysius (a member of the council of the Areopagus) and a woman named Damaris, as well as others with them.
Footnotes
Acts 17:18 That is, one who picks up various seeds of learning and thoughtlessly passes them on.
Acts 17:26 Some witnesses to the text read blood.
Acts 17:27 Some witnesses to the text read the Lord.
Acts 17:28 This might be a quotation from Epimenides, who lived around 600 bc.
Acts 17:28 This seems to be a quotation from Aratus, who wrote approximately 270 bc.
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1 When Paul and Silas had traveled through Amphipolis and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where there was a Jewish synagogue. 2Ā As was his custom, Paul went to the Jews, and on three Sabbath days he led them in a discussion from the Scriptures, 3Ā explaining and proving that the Christ had to suffer and rise from the dead. He also said, āThis Jesus I am proclaiming to you is the Christ.ā 4Ā Some of them were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas, as did a great number of God-fearing Greeks and more than a few of the prominent women.
5Ā But the Jews [1] became jealous and gathered from the marketplace some wicked men, who formed a mob and started a riot in the city. They rushed to Jasonās house and searched for Paul and Silas in order to bring them out to the mob. 6Ā When they did not find them, they dragged Jason and some of the brothers before the city officials, shouting, āThese men, who have stirred up trouble all over the world, have come here too, 7Ā and Jason has welcomed them as guests! They are all acting contrary to Caesarās decrees, saying that there is another king, Jesus!ā 8Ā The crowd and the city officials were stirred up when they heard these things. 9Ā They took a security bond from Jason and the others and then let them go.
In Berea
10Ā That same night, the brothers sent Paul and Silas away to Berea. When they arrived, they went into the Jewish synagogue. 11Ā Now the Bereans were more noble-minded than the Thessalonians. They received the word very eagerly and examined the Scriptures every day to see if these things were so.
12Ā Many of them believed, along with more than a few prominent Greek women and men.
13Ā But when the Jews in Thessalonica learned that the word of God was being proclaimed by Paul in Berea, they also went there to agitate and stir up the crowds. 14Ā Then the brothers immediately sent Paul away to the seacoast, but Silas and Timothy stayed there. 15Ā Those who escorted Paul brought him all the way to Athens. When they left, they received instructions for Silas and Timothy to join Paul as soon as possible.
Footnotes
Acts 17:5 Some witnesses to the text add who did not believe.
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16Ā Once when we were going to the place of prayer, a slave girl met us. She had a spirit that foretold the future, and she made a large profit for her owners by fortune-telling. 17Ā As she followed Paul and us, she kept crying out, āThese men are servants of the Most High God, who are proclaiming to you [1] the way to be saved.ā 18Ā When she kept doing this for many days, Paul became so annoyed that he turned to the spirit and said, āI command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!ā And it came out at that very moment.
19Ā When her owners saw that their hope of making money was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace before the authorities. 20Ā They had brought them to the magistrates and said, āThese men are throwing our city into a state of confusion. They are Jews, 21Ā and they are teaching customs that are not lawful for us to accept or practice, since we are Romans.ā
22Ā When the crowd also joined in the attack against them, the magistrates tore off their clothes and ordered them to be beaten with rods. 23Ā After they had beaten them severely, they threw them into prison and ordered the jailer to guard them securely. 24Ā Because he received such a command, the jailer threw them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks.
The Earthquake and the Jailerās Conversion
25Ā About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them. 26Ā Suddenly there was such a violent earthquake that the foundations of the prison were shaken. Instantly all the doors were opened, and everyoneās chains came loose. 27Ā When the jailer woke up and saw that the prison doors were opened, he drew his sword and was about to kill himself, because he thought that the prisoners had escaped. 28Ā But Paul shouted with a loud voice, āDonāt harm yourself, because we are all here!ā
29Ā The jailer called for lights, rushed in, and fell down trembling in front of Paul and Silas. 30Ā Then he brought them outside and asked, āSirs, what must I do to be saved?ā
31Ā They said, āBelieve in the Lord Jesus [2] and you will be saved, you and your household.ā 32Ā They spoke the word of the Lord to him and to everyone in his home. 33Ā At the same hour of the night, he took them and washed their wounds. Without delay, he and all his family were baptized. 34Ā Then he brought Paul and Silas into his house and set food before them. He rejoiced, because he and his whole household had come to believe in God.
Released From Prison
35Ā At daybreak the magistrates sent officers, saying, āRelease those men!ā 36Ā The jailer reported these words to Paul: āThe magistrates have sent orders that you should be released. So come out now and go in peace.ā
37Ā But Paul said to them, āThey beat us publicly without a trial, even though we are Roman citizens, and threw us into prison. And now they are releasing us secretly? Absolutely not! Let them come themselves and escort us out!ā
38Ā The officers reported these words to the magistrates, and they were afraid when they heard that Paul and Silas were Roman citizens. 39Ā So they came and apologized to them. As they escorted them out, they requested that they leave the city. 40Ā After Paul and Silas came out of the prison, they went to Lydiaās house. They saw the brothers, encouraged them, and then left.
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6Ā They went through the region of Phrygia and Galatia, because they were prevented by the Holy Spirit from speaking the word in the province of Asia. 7Ā When they went as far as Mysia, they tried to go into Bithynia, but the Spirit of Jesus did not allow them. 8Ā So they passed by Mysia and went down to Troas. 9Ā A vision appeared to Paul during the night. A Macedonian man was standing there, urging him, āCome over to Macedonia and help us!ā 10Ā As soon as he had seen the vision, we [1] immediately made plans to proceed to Macedonia, because we concluded that God [2] had called us to preach the good news to them.
At Philippi
11Ā After we put out to sea from Troas, we sailed straight to Samothrace, and the next day to Neapolis. 12Ā From there we went to Philippi, which is a leading city in that part of Macedonia and a Roman colony. We stayed in this city for a number of days.
13Ā On the Sabbath day we went outside the city gate alongside the river, where we thought there was a place of prayer. [3] We sat down and began to talk to the women who had gathered there. 14Ā A woman named Lydia, who worshipped God, was listening. She was a dealer in purple cloth from the city of Thyatira. The Lord opened her heart to pay close attention to what Paul was saying. 15Ā When she and her household were baptized, she urged us, āIf you consider me a believer in the Lord, come and stay at my house.ā And she persuaded us.
Footnotes
Acts 16:10 Luke is included.
Acts 16:10 Some witnesses to the text read the Lord.
Acts 16:13 Some witnesses to the text read to the river, the customary place of prayer.
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35Ā But Paul and Barnabas remained in Antioch, where they, along with many others, kept on teaching and preaching the word of the Lord.
Paul and Barnabas Go Separate Ways
36Ā After a time Paul said to Barnabas, āLetās return and visit the [1] brothers [2] in every town where we have preached the word of the Lord and see how they are doing.ā 37Ā Barnabas wanted to take John, who is called Mark, along with them. 38Ā But Paul did not think it was a good idea to take him along, since he had deserted them in Pamphylia and did not continue to travel with them in the work. 39Ā They had such a sharp disagreement that they parted company. Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus, 40Ā but Paul chose Silas and set out, after being entrusted to the grace of the Lord [3] by the brothers. 41Ā He went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.
Timothy Joins Paul and Silas
Acts 16
1Ā Paul arrived in Derbe and in Lystra, where there was a disciple named Timothy, who was the son of a believing Jewish woman, but his father was a Greek. 2Ā The brothers in Lystra and Iconium spoke well of him. 3Ā Paul wanted Timothy to accompany him, so he took him and circumcised him on account of the Jews who lived in those places, because they all knew that his father was a Greek. 4Ā As they traveled through the towns, they delivered the resolutions decided by the apostles and elders in Jerusalem for the people to keep. 5Ā So the churches were strengthened in the faith and increased in number day by day.
Footnotes
Acts 15:36 A few witnesses to the text read our.
Acts 15:36 When context indicates it, the Greek word for brothers may refer to all fellow believers, male and female.
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Note: We are aware of missing verses from today’s reading in the audio version. Please refer to the complete reading in the text version. We appreciate your understanding.
13Ā After they finished speaking, James responded, āGentlemen, brothers, listen to me. 14Ā Simon has reported how God for the first time has visited the Gentiles, to take from them a people for his name. 15Ā The words of the prophets agree with this, as it is written:
16Ā After these things I will return and rebuild Davidās fallen tent. I will rebuild its ruins, and I will restore it, 17Ā so that the rest of mankind may seek the Lordā even all the Gentiles who are called by my name, says the Lord who does these things. [1]
18Ā āLong ago he made these things known. 19Ā So it is my judgment that we should not cause extra difficulty for those among the Gentiles who are turning to God. 20Ā Instead we should write a letter telling them to abstain from things polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from what is strangled, and from blood. 21Ā For from ancient times Moses has had those who proclaim him in every city, since he is being read in the synagogues every Sabbath.ā
22Ā Then the apostles and the elders, together with the whole church, thought it would be best to choose men from their group to send to Antioch along with Paul and Barnabas, namely, Judas, called Barsabbas, and Silas, who were leading men among the brothers.
23Ā They wrote this letter for them to deliver:
From the apostles and the elders, your brothers,
To the Gentile brothers in Antioch, Syria, and Cilicia:
Greetings.
24Ā We heard that there were some who came from us without our authorization and caused you distress by unsettling your minds with what they said. [2]25Ā So it seemed best to us, since we are of one mind, to choose some men to send to you, along with our dear friends Barnabas and Paul, 26Ā men who have risked their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. 27Ā Therefore we have sent Judas and Silas, who will report these same things by word of mouth. 28Ā For it seemed best to the Holy Spirit and to us to put no greater burden on you than these essentials: 29Ā You are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from what has been strangled, and from sexual immorality. If you carefully avoid these things, you will do well.
Farewell.
30Ā After they were sent on their way, they went down to Antioch. They gathered the congregation together and delivered the letter. 31Ā The people read it and rejoiced over its encouraging message. 32Ā Judas and Silas, who were prophets themselves, also said much that encouraged and strengthened the brothers. 33Ā After they had spent some time there, they were sent off by the brothers with the greeting of peace to those who had sent them. [3]
Footnotes
Acts 15:17 Amos 9:11-12 quoted from the Septuagint
Acts 15:24 Some witnesses to the text add telling you to be circumcised and to keep the law.
Acts 15:33 Some witnesses to the text add verse 34: However, Silas decided to stay there.
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1 Some men came down from Judea and began to teach the brothers: āUnless you are circumcised according to the law handed down by Moses, you cannot be saved.ā 2Ā Because this brought about a serious argument and debate between Paul and Barnabas and these men, they appointed Paul and Barnabas and some other men from the church to go up to Jerusalem, to see the apostles and the elders concerning this controversy.
3Ā After they were sent on their way by the church, and as they passed through both Phoenicia and Samaria, they described in detail the conversion of the Gentiles and brought great joy to all the brothers. 4Ā When they arrived at Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church, the apostles, and the elders, and they reported everything God had done through them.
5Ā But some of the believers from the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, āIt is necessary to circumcise the Gentiles and to command them to keep the Law of Moses.ā
6Ā The apostles and the elders gathered together to look into this matter. 7Ā After there had been much discussion, Peter stood up and said to them, āGentlemen, brothers, you know that some time ago God made a choice among you, that through my mouth the Gentiles would hear the message of the gospel and believe. 8Ā God, who knows the heart, testified on their behalf by giving them the Holy Spirit, exactly as he gave him to us. 9Ā He also showed that there is no distinction between us and them, cleansing their hearts by faith. 10Ā Now then, why are you testing God by putting on the necks of the disciples a yoke, which neither our fathers nor we have been able to bear? 11Ā On the contrary! We believe that we are saved in the same way they areāthrough the grace of our Lord Jesus.ā
12Ā The whole assembly fell silent and listened to Barnabas and Paul, who reported all the signs and wonders God had done among the Gentiles through them.
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13Ā The priest of Zeus, whose temple was just outside the city, brought bulls and garlands to the city gates, because he wanted to offer sacrifices along with the crowds.
14Ā But when the apostles Paul and Barnabas heard about this, they tore their clothes and rushed into the crowd, shouting, 15Ā āMen, why are you doing these things? We too are men with the same nature as you. We are preaching the good news to you so that you turn from these worthless things to the living God, who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and everything in them. 16Ā In past generations he allowed all the nations to go their own ways. 17Ā Yet he did not leave himself without testimony of the good he does. He gives you rain from heaven and crops in their seasons. He fills you with food and fills your hearts with gladness.ā 18Ā Even though they said these things, they had a hard time stopping the crowds from sacrificing to them.
19Ā Then some Jews came from Antioch and Iconium and persuaded the crowds to stone Paul. When they thought he was dead, they dragged him out of the city. 20Ā But after the disciples had gathered around him, he stood up and went into the city. The next day, he left with Barnabas for Derbe.
The Return to Antioch
21Ā After they preached the good news in that city and had gathered many disciples, they returned to Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch, 22Ā strengthening the souls of the disciples and encouraging them to continue in the faith. They told them, āWe must go through many troubles on our way to the kingdom of God.ā 23Ā They had elders elected [1] for them in every church, and with prayer and fasting they entrusted them to the Lord, in whom they believed. 24Ā When they had passed through Pisidia, they came to Pamphylia. 25Ā When they had spoken the Word in Perga, they went down to Attalia.
26Ā From there they sailed back to Antioch, where they had been entrusted to the grace of God for the work they had just completed. 27Ā When they arrived and called the church together, they reported everything God had done with them and how he had opened the door of faith for the Gentiles. 28Ā Then they stayed there a long time with the disciples.
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1 The same thing happened in Iconium. Paul and Barnabas entered the Jewish synagogue and spoke in such a way that a great number of both Jews and Greeks believed. 2Ā But the Jews who refused to believe stirred up the Gentiles and poisoned their minds against the brothers.
3Ā Paul and Barnabas stayed there a long time, speaking boldly for the Lord, who confirmed the message of his grace by granting them the ability to perform miraculous signs and wonders. 4Ā But the people of the city were divided. Some sided with the Jews and some with the apostles.
5Ā When there was a plot by both Gentiles and Jews, together with their rulers, to mistreat and stone them, 6Ā they found out about it and fled to the Lycaonian cities of Lystra and Derbe and to the surrounding countryside. 7Ā There they kept on preaching the good news.
In Lystra and Derbe
8Ā In Lystra there was a man who was sitting down because he had no strength in his feet. He had never walked because he was lame from birth. 9Ā When he was listening to Paul as he was speaking, Paul looked at him closely and saw that he had faith to be healed. 10Ā Paul said in a loud voice, āStand up on your feet!ā And the man jumped up and began to walk.
11Ā When the crowds saw what Paul had done, they raised their voices, saying in the Lycaonian language, āThe gods have come down to us in human form.ā 12Ā Barnabas they called Zeus, and Paul they called Hermes, because he was the main speaker.
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44Ā On the next Sabbath almost the whole city gathered to hear the word of God. [1]45Ā But when the Jews saw the crowds, they were filled with envy and began to contradict what Paul was saying by slandering him. [2]
46Ā Then Paul and Barnabas responded fearlessly, āIt was necessary that Godās word be spoken to you first. But since you reject it and consider yourselves unworthy of eternal life, look: We are now turning to the Gentiles! 47Ā For this is what the Lord has instructed us:
I have made you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring salvation to the end of the earth.ā [3]
48Ā When the Gentiles heard this, they were rejoicing and praising the word of the Lord. All who had been appointed for eternal life believed.
49Ā And the word of the Lord was being carried through the whole region. 50Ā But the Jews incited the God-fearing women of high standing and the leading men of the city. They stirred up persecution against Paul and Barnabas and expelled them from their district. 51Ā So they shook the dust off their feet against them and went to Iconium. 52Ā The disciples continued to be filled with joy and the Holy Spirit.
Footnotes
Acts 13:44 Some witnesses to the text read the Lord.
Acts 13:45 Some witnesses to the text read and began speaking against the things spoken by Paul, by contradicting and slandering him.
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13Ā Paul and his companions set sail from Paphos and came to Perga in Pamphylia. John, however, left them and returned to Jerusalem. 14Ā But they went on from Perga and arrived at Antioch in Pisidia. They went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day and sat down. 15Ā After the reading of the Law and the Prophets, the leaders of the synagogue sent a message to them, saying, āGentlemen, [1] brothers, if you have a word of encouragement for the people, say it.ā
16Ā Then Paul stood up, motioned with his hand, and said, āMen of Israel and you who fear God, listen. 17Ā The God of the people of Israel chose our fathers and made them a great people during their stay in the land of Egypt, and with his uplifted arm, he led them out of it. 18Ā He put up with them [2] for about forty years in the wilderness. 19Ā Then he destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, and he gave their land to his people as an inheritance. 20Ā All this took about 450 years. After that, he gave them judges [3] until the time of Samuel the prophet.
21Ā āThen the people asked for a king, and God gave them Saul, son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years. 22Ā After removing him, he raised up David as their king. God testified about him: āI have found David the son of Jesse to be a man after my own heart. He will do all that I want him to do.ā [4]
23Ā āFrom this manās descendants [5] God brought the Savior Jesus to Israel, in keeping with his promise. 24Ā Before he appeared publicly, John had preached a baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel. 25Ā As John was finishing his course, he said, āWho do you suppose I am? I am not that One. But look! That One is coming after me, and I am not worthy to untie the sandals on his feet.ā [6]
26Ā āGentlemen, brothers, sons of Abrahamās family, and those among you who fear God, this message of salvation has been sent to you. [7]27Ā The people of Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize him, and by condemning him they fulfilled the statements of the prophets that are read every Sabbath. 28Ā Though they found no grounds for a death sentence, they asked Pilate to have him executed. 29Ā When they carried out everything that was written about him, they took him down from the cross [8] and laid him in a tomb. 30Ā But God raised him from the dead, 31Ā and for many days he was seen by those who had come up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem. These same individuals are now his witnesses to the people.
32Ā āWe are preaching to you the good news about the promise that was made to our fathers. 33Ā God has fulfilled this promise for us, their children, by raising up Jesus. As it is also written in the second Psalm:
You are my Son. Today I have begotten you. [9]
34Ā āThat God would raise him from the dead never again to be subject to decay, God said in this way:
I will give you the holy and sure blessings promised to David. [10]
35Ā āTherefore he also says in another place:
You will not let your Holy One see decay. [11]
36Ā āFor David, after he had served Godās purpose in his own generation, fell asleep, was laid to rest with his fathers, and saw decay. 37Ā But the One God raised did not see decay.
38Ā āSo, gentlemen, brothers, let it be known to you that through this Jesus forgiveness of sins is being proclaimed to you, also forgiveness from everything from which you could not be justified through the law of Moses. 39Ā In this Jesus, everyone who believes is justified. 40Ā So watch out that what is said in the prophets does not happen to you:
41Ā Look, you scoffers, be amazed and perish! For I am going to do something in your days, something you would never believe, even if someone were to explain it to you.ā [12]
42Ā As Paul and Barnabas were leaving, the people kept begging them to speak again on this same subject on the next Sabbath. 43Ā When the meeting of the synagogue had been dismissed, many of the Jews and devout converts to Judaism followed Paul and Barnabas, who talked with them and urged them to continue in the grace of God.
Footnotes
Acts 13:15 Literally Men
Acts 13:18 Some witnesses to the text read He cared for them.
Acts 13:20 Some witnesses to the text read After that he gave them judges for about 450 years.
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25Ā After Barnabas and Saul had completed their relief mission in Jerusalem, they returned [1] and brought along John, who is called Mark.
The Holy Spirit Calls Paul and Barnabas
Acts 13
1Ā Now in the church at Antioch there were some prophets and teachers: Barnabas; Simeon, who was called Niger; Lucius of Cyrene; Manaen, who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch; and Saul. 2Ā While they were worshipping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, āSet apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.ā 3Ā Then, after they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them off.
4Ā So they were sent out by the Holy Spirit and went down to Seleucia. From there they sailed to Cyprus. 5Ā When they arrived at Salamis, they proclaimed the word of God in the Jewish synagogues. They also had John as their assistant.
6Ā When they had traveled through the whole island as far as Paphos, they came across a sorcerer, a Jewish false prophet whose name was Bar-Jesus. 7Ā He was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, who was an intelligent man. The proconsul summoned Barnabas and Saul and wanted to hear the word of God.
8Ā Elymas the sorcerer (for that is what his name means) opposed them and tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith. 9Ā But Saul, who is also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit and looking straight at him, 10Ā said, āYou are full of every kind of deceit and fraud, you son of the Devil, you enemy of all righteousness! Will you never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord? 11Ā Now look! The hand of the Lord is against you. You will be blind, and for a time you will be unable to see the sun.ā
Immediately mist and darkness came over him, and he went around looking for someone to lead him by the hand. 12Ā When the proconsul saw what happened, he believed. He was amazed at the teaching of the Lord.
Footnotes
Acts 12:25 Some witnesses to the text read relief mission, they returned from Jerusalem.
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1Ā In the third month after the Israelites had left the land of Egypt, on that same day of the month, they came to the Wilderness of Sinai. 2Ā After they set out from Rephidim and came to the Wilderness of Sinai, they camped in the wilderness. Israel camped there in front of the mountain.
3Ā Moses went up to God, and the Lord called to him from the mountain, āThis is what you are to say to the house of Jacob and to tell the people of Israel: 4Ā āYou have seen what I did to the Egyptians and how I carried you on eaglesā wings and brought you to myself. 5Ā Now if you will carefully listen to my voice and keep my covenant, then you will be my special treasure out of all the nations, although the entire earth is mine. 6Ā You will be my kingdom of priests and my holy nation.ā These are the words that you are to speak to the Israelites.ā
7Ā Moses went and summoned the elders of the people, and he set before them all these words that the Lord had commanded him. 8Ā All the people answered together, āEverything that the Lord has said, we will do.ā
Moses brought back the peopleās words to the Lord. 9Ā The Lord said to Moses, āLook, I will come to you in a dense cloud so that the people will hear when I speak with you, and then they will always believe you.ā Moses told the peopleās words to the Lord.
10Ā The Lord said to Moses, āGo to the people. Consecrate them today and tomorrow, and have them wash their clothes. 11Ā Be ready by the third day, for on the third day the Lord will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. 12Ā You shall set boundaries for the people all around the mountain. Tell them: āBe careful that you do not go up onto the mountain or touch the edge of it.ā Whoever touches the mountain must certainly be put to death. 13Ā No oneās hand is to touch such a person, but that person is to be stoned to death or shot with arrows. No such animal or person shall be allowed to live. But when the special ramās horn sounds a long blast, the people may come up to the mountain.ā
14Ā Moses went down from the mountain to the people. He consecrated the people, and they washed their clothes. 15Ā He said to the people, āBe ready by the third day. Do not come near a woman.ā [1]
16Ā On the third day, when morning came, there was thunder and lightning. A thick cloud was over the mountain, and there was a very loud blast of a ramās horn. All the people in the camp trembled. 17Ā Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain. 18Ā All of Mount Sinai was covered with smoke, because the Lord descended on it in fire. Its smoke went up like the smoke from a kiln, and the whole mountain trembled violently. 19Ā When the sound of the ramās horn grew louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him in the thunder. 20Ā The Lord came down on Mount Sinai, at the top of the mountain. The Lord then called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
21Ā The Lord said to Moses, āGo down and warn the people not to break through to see the Lord. If they do, many of them will fall. 22Ā Even the priests, who approach the Lord, must consecrate themselves so that the Lord does not break out against them.ā
23Ā Moses said to the Lord, āThe people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, because you warned, āSet boundaries around the mountain and treat it as holy.āā
24Ā The Lord said to him, āGo down and bring Aaron up with you, but the priests and the people must not break through to come up to the Lord, so that the Lord will not break out against them.ā
25Ā So Moses went down to the people and told them these things.
The Ten Commandments
Exodus 20
1Ā Then God spoke all these words:
2Ā I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, where you were slaves. [2]
3Ā You shall have no other gods beside me. [3]4Ā You shall not make any carved image for yourself or a likeness of anything in heaven above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth. 5Ā Do not bow down to them or be subservient to them, [4] for I the Lord your God am a jealous God. [5] I follow up on [6] the guilt of the fathers with their children, their grandchildren, and their great-grandchildren, if they also hate me. 6Ā But I show mercy to thousands who love me and keep my commandments.
7Ā You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not permit anyone who misuses his name to escape unpunished.
8Ā Remember the Sabbath day [7] by setting it apart as holy. 9Ā Six days you are to serve and do all your regular work, 10Ā but the seventh day shall be a sabbath rest to the Lord your God. Do not do any regular work, neither you, nor your sons or daughters, nor your male or female servants, nor your cattle, nor the alien who is residing inside your gates, 11Ā for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and everything that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. In this way the Lord blessed the seventh day and made it holy.
12Ā Honor your father and your mother so that you may spend many days on the land that the Lord your God is giving to you.
13Ā You shall not commit murder.
14Ā You shall not commit adultery.
15Ā You shall not steal.
16Ā You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
17Ā You shall not covet your neighborās house. You shall not covet your neighborās wife, his male servant, his female servant, his ox, his donkey, or anything else that belongs to your neighbor. [8]
18Ā All the people saw and heard the thunder and the lightning and the sound of the ramās horn and the mountain smoking. The people saw, [9] and they trembled and stood far away. 19Ā Then they said to Moses, āSpeak with us yourself, and we will listen, but do not let God speak with us, or we will die.ā
20Ā Moses said to the people, āDo not be afraid, for God has come to test you, so that you may always fear him, so that you do not sin.ā
21Ā The people stayed at a distance, but Moses approached the thick darkness where God was.
22Ā Then the Lord told Moses to tell the people of Israel the following things:
You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. 23Ā You shall not make gods of silver or gods of gold and place them beside me. You shall not make them for yourselves.
24Ā You are to make an altar of earth for me and to sacrifice your whole burnt offerings on it, as well as your fellowship offerings, your sheep, and your cattle. In every place where I cause my name to be remembered, I will come to you and I will bless you.
25Ā If you make a stone altar for me, you are not to build it out of cut stones, because by applying a tool to it you would pollute it.
26Ā You are not to go up to my altar by steps, so that your nakedness will not be uncovered upon it.
Footnotes
Exodus 19:15 The prohibition is not limited to sexual intercourse, because even touching a woman during her period made a man unclean. See Leviticus 15:19-24.
Exodus 20:2 Literally the house of slaves
Exodus 20:3 Literally against my face or besides me or before me or in my presence or because of my presence
Exodus 20:5 The verb is not the normal form for serve but a special form that implies subservience.
Exodus 20:5 That is, I am a God who demands exclusive loyalty
Exodus 20:5 Or demand an accounting for. The Hebrew verb pachad has traditionally been translated visit, but in present-day English visit usually has a social connotation. The term, however, refers to an official visit to bring punishment or reward to someone.
Exodus 20:8 That is, the day of rest
Exodus 20:17 Another version of the Ten Commandments appears in Deuteronomy 5:1-21.
Exodus 20:18 A variant in some ancient versions is feared.
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1 Now Mosesā father-in-law Jethro, priest of Midian, heard about everything that God had done for Moses and for his people Israel and how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt.
2Ā After Moses had sent his wife Zipporah away, his father-in-law Jethro had taken her in, 3Ā along with her two sons. The name of one son was Gershom, [1] for Moses had said, āI have become an alien in a foreign land.ā 4Ā The name of the other was Eliezer, [2] for he had said, āMy fatherās God was my helper, and he has delivered me from Pharaohās sword.ā
5Ā Mosesā father-in-law Jethro, Mosesā sons, and his wife were coming to Moses in the wilderness where he had camped at the mountain of God. 6Ā He sent word to Moses, āI, your father-in-law Jethro, your wife, and her two sons are coming to you.ā
7Ā Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and he bowed down and kissed him. They asked each other how they had been, [3] and they went into the tent. 8Ā Moses told his father-in-law about everything that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and the Egyptians for Israelās sake, about all the hardships that had confronted them along the way, and how the Lord had delivered them. 9Ā Jethro rejoiced over all the good things that the Lord had done for Israel when he delivered them from the hand of the Egyptians.
10Ā Jethro said, āBlessed be the Lord, who has delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and the hand of Pharaoh. Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered the people out of the hand of the Egyptians. 11Ā Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods because he did this to those who acted arrogantly against the Israelites.ā
12Ā Jethro, Mosesā father-in-law, brought a burnt offering and sacrifices to God. Aaron and all the elders of Israel came to eat a meal with Mosesā father-in-law in the presence of God.
13Ā The next day Moses sat down to serve as a judge for the people, and the people stood around Moses from morning till evening. 14Ā When Mosesā father-in-law saw everything that he did for the people, he said, āWhat is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge with all the people standing around you from morning till evening?ā
15Ā Moses said to his father-in-law, āBecause the people come to me to inquire of God. 16Ā Whenever there is a dispute between them, they come to me, and I judge between the two sides, and I reveal the regulations of God and his laws.ā
17Ā Mosesā father-in-law said to him, āWhat you are doing is not good. 18Ā You will certainly wear out both yourself and these people who are with you, for the work is too much for you. You are not able to handle this alone. 19Ā Listen to me now. I will give you advice, and may God be with you. Represent the people before God, and bring their disputes to God. 20Ā Instruct them about the regulations and laws, and show them the way they are to live and the things that they are to do. 21Ā But you should select capable men from among all the people, God-fearing, trustworthy men, who hate dishonest gain. Then place them over the people as officials over groups of a thousand, a hundred, fifty, or ten. 22Ā Have them judge all the disputes of the people at the first level. They can refer any difficult case to you, but every easy case they can judge themselves. Make your load lighter; they can carry it with you. 23Ā If you will do this, and God so commands you, then you will be able to endure, and all these people will also return home satisfied.ā
24Ā Moses listened to his father-in-law and did everything that he had said. 25Ā Moses chose capable men from all of Israel and made them leaders over the people: officials over thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens. 26Ā They judged all the cases of the people initially. They brought the difficult cases to Moses, but every easy case they judged themselves. 27Ā Then Moses sent his father-in-law on his way, and he returned to his own land.
Footnotes
Exodus 18:3 Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for an alien there.
Exodus 18:4 Eliezer means my God is helper.
Exodus 18:7 Literally the one asked his neighbor about peace or well-being
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1 The entire Israelite community set out on their journey from the Wilderness of Sin [1] as the Lord had commanded. They camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. 2Ā So the people quarreled with Moses and said, āGive us water to drink.ā
Moses said to them, āWhy are you quarreling with me? Why are you testing the Lord?ā
3Ā But the people were thirsty for water there, so they grumbled against Moses. They said, āWhy did you ever bring us up out of Egypt to let us, our children, and our livestock die of thirst?ā
4Ā Moses cried out to the Lord, āWhat shall I do with these people? They are almost ready to stone me!ā
5Ā The Lord said to Moses, āGo in front of the people, and take the elders of Israel with you. Also take in your hand the staff with which you struck the Nile, and go. 6Ā Watch me. I will stand there in front of you on the rock in Horeb. You are to strike the rock. Water will come out of it, and the people will drink.ā Moses did that in the sight of the elders of Israel. 7Ā He named the place Massah [2] and Meribah, [3] because the Israelites quarreled, and because they tested the Lord by saying, āIs the Lord among us or not?ā
Battle With the Amalekites
8Ā Then the Amalekites came and fought against the Israelites at Rephidim. 9Ā Moses said to Joshua, āSelect some men for us, and go out and fight against the Amalekites. Tomorrow I will stand on the hilltop, and Godās staff will be in my hand.ā 10Ā So Joshua did just as Moses told him.
While Joshua was fighting against the Amalekites, Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the hilltop. 11Ā Whenever Moses held up his hand, the Israelites would start winning, but whenever he lowered his hand, [4] the Amalekites would start winning. 12Ā When Mosesā arms became tired, they took a stone and placed it under him, and he sat on it. Aaron and Hur held up his handsāone on one side, and one on the other side. In this way his hands were steady until sunset. 13Ā So Joshua defeated the Amalekite army with the sword.
14Ā The Lord then said to Moses, āWrite this on a scroll as a memorial, and make sure that Joshua hears it, because I will completely erase the memory of the Amalekites from under heaven.ā 15Ā Moses built an altar and named it āThe Lord Is My Banner,ā 16Ā because he had said, āSince a hand was raised against the throne of the Lord, [5] the Lord will be at war with the Amalekites from generation to generation.ā
Footnotes
Exodus 17:1 Sin is a geographic name like Sinai. It is not the English word sin.
Exodus 17:7 Massah means testing.
Exodus 17:7 Meribah means quarreling.
Exodus 17:11 The Hebrew reads the singular hand. The Samaritan Pentateuch, the Targum, and the Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read hands (also in the second part of this verse). Apparently, at first, Moses held up the staff in alternate hands.
Exodus 17:16 The meaning of this Hebrew clause is uncertain. The Hebrew has an unusual form of the word for throne, which looks similar to the word for banner. The main options, therefore, are a hand was against the throne of Yah or a hand is on the banner of Yah. The divine name Yahweh (Lord) here appears in the shortened form Yah.
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22Ā Then Moses led Israel on from the Red Sea, and they went out to the Wilderness of Shur. They traveled for three days in the wilderness but found no water. 23Ā When they came to Marah, they were not able to drink the waters of Marah, because they were bitter. That is why they named the place Marah. [1]24Ā The people grumbled against Moses, and they said, āWhat will we drink?ā 25Ā Then Moses cried out to the Lord, and the Lord showed him some wood. Moses threw it into the water, and the water became fit to drink.
There the Lord made a decree and ruling for them, and there he tested them. 26Ā So he said, āIf only you would listen to the voice of the Lord your God, and do what is right in his eyes, and pay attention to his commandments, and keep all his regulations, I would not place on you any of the diseases that I placed on the Egyptians, for I am the Lord, who heals you.ā
27Ā Then they came to Elim where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there by the waters.
The Lord Provides Manna and Quail
Exodus 16
1Ā On the fifteenth day of the second month after they had left the land of Egypt, the entire Israelite community set out from Elim and came to the Wilderness of Sin, [2] which is between Elim and Sinai. 2Ā The entire Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness. 3Ā The Israelites said to them, āIf only we had died by the Lordās hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat around pots of meat and ate as much food as we wanted, but now you have brought us out into this wilderness to have this whole community die of hunger.ā
4Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āWatch what I will do. I will rain down bread from heaven for you, and the people will go out each day and gather enough for that day. In this way I will test whether they will follow my instructions or not. 5Ā On the sixth day they will prepare what they bring in, and it will be twice as much as they gather on the other days.ā
6Ā So Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites, āAt evening you will know that it was the Lord who brought you out of the land of Egypt, 7Ā and in the morning you will see the Glory of the Lord, because he has heard your constant grumbling against the Lord. Who are we that you should grumble against us?ā
8Ā Moses said, āNow the Lord will give you meat to eat in the evening and as much bread as you want in the morning, because the Lord has heard your grumbling against him. Who are we? Your grumbling is not against us but against the Lord.ā
9Ā Then Moses said to Aaron, āTell the entire Israelite community, āCome before the Lord, because he has heard your grumbling.āā 10Ā As Aaron spoke to the entire Israelite community, they turned toward the wilderness, and suddenly the Glory of the Lord appeared in the cloud.
11Ā The Lord spoke to Moses: 12Ā āI have heard the grumbling of the Israelites. Say to them, āAt evening you will eat meat, and in the morning you will eat bread until you are full. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God.āā
13Ā So in the evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning a layer of dew surrounded the camp. 14Ā When the layer of dew was gone, there were thin flakes on the surface of the wilderness, thin as frost on the ground. 15Ā When the Israelites saw it, they said to one another, āWhat is it?ā [3] because they did not know what it was.
Moses said to them, āThis is the bread which the Lord has given to you as food to eat. 16Ā This is what the Lord has commanded: All of them are to gather as much of it as they need to eat. You are to take an omer [4] per person based on the number of people each of you has in your tents.ā
17Ā The Israelites did this, and some gathered more, some less. 18Ā When they measured it with an omer, the one who gathered more did not have too much, and the one who gathered less did not have too little. All of them gathered as much as they needed to eat. 19Ā Moses said to them, āNo one is to leave any of it until morning.ā 20Ā However, they did not listen to Moses. Some of them left part of it until morning, and it became full of worms and stank. So Moses was angry with them.
21Ā They gathered it each morning. All of them gathered as much as they needed to eat. When the sun grew hot, it melted away. 22Ā On the sixth day they gathered twice as much food, two omers for each person, and all the leaders of the community came and reported to Moses. 23Ā He said to them, āThis is what the Lord has said: Tomorrow is a complete rest, a holy sabbath [5] to the Lord. Bake what you want to bake, and boil what you want to boil, but set aside for yourselves all the rest of it to be kept until morning.ā
24Ā So they set it aside until morning as Moses commanded, and it did not stink, and there were no worms in it. 25Ā Moses said, āToday eat whatever is left over, for today is a sabbath to the Lord. Today you will not find any around the camp. [6]26Ā Six days you will gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will not be any.ā
27Ā On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather it, but they did not find any. 28Ā The Lord said to Moses, āHow long will you people refuse to keep my commandments and my instructions? 29Ā Look, the Lord has given you the Sabbath. Therefore on the sixth day he will give you two daysā worth of bread. All of you are to stay where you are. None of you are to leave your places on the seventh day.ā 30Ā So the people rested on the seventh day.
31Ā The house of Israel called it manna. [7] It looked like white coriander seed, and it tasted like wafers made with honey. 32Ā Moses said, āThis is what the Lord has commanded: A full omer [8] of it is to be kept throughout your generations so that they may see the bread which I fed you in the wilderness when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.ā
33Ā Moses said to Aaron, āTake a container, and put a full omer of manna in it. Place it before the Lord, to be kept throughout your generations.ā 34Ā To obey the Lordās command to Moses, Aaron placed an omer before the Testimony, [9] to be preserved. 35Ā The Israelites ate manna for forty years, until they came to a land that was inhabited. They ate manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. 36Ā (An omer, by the way, is one-tenth of an ephah.)
Footnotes
Exodus 15:23 Marah means bitter.
Exodus 16:1 Sin is a geographic name like Sinai. It does not refer to Israelās sin.
Exodus 16:15 The Hebrew for What is it? sounds like the word for manna.
Exodus 16:16 An omer is a container that holds approximately two quarts. Since the term here means both the container and the amount that it holds, and an omer is compared with an ephah, another ancient measurement, the translation retains the Hebrew term rather than converting it to a present-day measurement. See verse 36.
Exodus 16:23 The Hebrew word shabbat means a day of rest. Here the Hebrew reads a shabbaton, a holy shabbat to the Lord.
Exodus 16:25 Literally in the field
Exodus 16:31 Manna sounds like the Hebrew for What is it? See verse 15.
Exodus 16:32 An omer is a container that holds about two quarts. See the note on verse 16.
Exodus 16:34 The Testimony is another name for the Ten Commandments and for the Ark of the Covenant, which contained the Ten Commandments.
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1Ā Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 2Ā āTell the Israelites to turn back and camp in front of Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea. They are to camp by the sea, facing Baal Zephon. 3Ā Then Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, āThey are wandering around in the land. The wilderness has shut them in.ā 4Ā I will harden Pharaohās heart so that he will pursue them, and I will gain glory through Pharaoh and his entire army. The Egyptians will know that I am the Lord.ā So that is what the Israelites did.
5Ā When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, Pharaoh and his officials had a change of heart concerning the people. They said, āWhat have we done? We have let Israel go! They will not serve us anymore!ā 6Ā So Pharaoh prepared his chariot and took his troops with him. 7Ā He also took six hundred of the best chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them. 8Ā The Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he pursued the Israelites. The Israelites were going out defiantly. [1]9Ā The Egyptians pursued them. All the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his charioteers, [2] and his army caught up with them where they were camping by the sea beside Pi Hahiroth, which faces Baal Zephon.
10Ā As Pharaoh approached, the Israelites looked up, and there were the Egyptians marching after them. The Israelites were terrified and cried out to the Lord. 11Ā They said to Moses, āWas it because there were no graves in Egypt that you took us to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us by bringing us out of Egypt? 12Ā Wasnāt this what we said to you in Egypt, āLeave us alone. Let us serve the Egyptiansā? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.ā
13Ā Moses said to the people, āDo not be afraid. Stand firm, and see the salvation from the Lord, which he will perform for you today. For the Egyptians you see today, you will never see again. 14Ā The Lord will fight for you. You must wait quietly.ā
15Ā The Lord said to Moses, āWhy are you crying out to me? Tell the Israelites to set out. 16Ā As for you, lift up your staff, stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide the sea so that the Israelites can go through the middle of the sea on dry ground. 17Ā I myself will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go into the sea after them, and I will gain glory through Pharaoh and his entire army, through his chariots and his charioteers. 18Ā The Egyptians will know that I am the Lord, when I have gained glory through Pharaoh, his chariots, and his charioteers.ā
19Ā Then the Angel of God, who was going in front of the Israelite forces, moved and went behind them. The pillar of cloud moved from in front of them and stood behind them. 20Ā It went between the Egyptian forces and the Israelite forces. The cloud was dark on one side, but it lit up the night on the other. Neither group approached the other all night long.
21Ā Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and all night long the Lord drove the sea back with a strong east wind and turned the sea into dry land. The waters were divided. 22Ā The Israelites went into the middle of the sea on dry ground. The waters were like a wall for them on their right and on their left. 23Ā The Egyptians pursued them, and all of Pharaohās horses, his chariots, and his charioteers went after them into the middle of the sea. 24Ā During the last watch of the night, the Lord looked down on the Egyptian forces from the pillar of fire and cloud. Then he confused the Egyptian forces. 25Ā He jammed [3] their chariot wheels, and they had difficulty driving them. The Egyptians said, āWe must flee from Israel, for the Lord is fighting for them against Egypt!ā
26Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand over the sea, and the waters will come back over the Egyptians, over their chariots and their charioteers.ā 27Ā So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and at daybreak the sea returned to its normal place. While the Egyptians were fleeing from it, the Lord threw the Egyptians into the middle of the sea. 28Ā The waters came back and covered the chariots and the charioteers, the entire army of Pharaoh that went into the sea after the Israelites. Not even one of them survived.
29Ā But the Israelites went through the middle of the sea on dry land, and the waters were like a wall for them on their right and on their left. 30Ā On that day the Lord saved Israel from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31Ā Israel saw the mighty hand which the Lord put into action against the Egyptians, and the people feared the Lord and believed in the Lord and in Moses, his servant.
The Song of Moses and Miriam
Exodus 15
1Ā Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the Lord. They said:
I will sing to the Lord, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea.
2Ā The Lord [4] is my strength and song. He has become my salvation. This is my God, and I will praise him; my fatherās God, and I will exalt him. 3Ā The Lord is a warrior. The Lord is his name. 4Ā He has cast Pharaohās chariots and his army into the sea. His elite officers are drowned in the Red Sea. 5Ā The deep waters covered them. They sank down to the depths like a stone. 6Ā Lord, your right hand is glorious in power. Lord, your right hand has shattered the enemy. 7Ā In your great majesty you overthrew those who opposed you. You sent out your burning anger. It consumed them like stubble. 8Ā At the blast from your nostrils the waters piled up. The flowing waters stood up like a dam. The deep waters became solid in the heart of the sea. 9Ā The enemy said, āI will pursue. I will overtake. I will divide the plunder. I will do whatever I want with them. I will draw my sword, and my hand will destroy them.ā 10Ā But you blew with your breath, and the sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters. 11Ā Lord, who is like you among the gods? Who is like you, glorious in holiness, awesome in praise, working wonders? 12Ā You stretched out your right hand, and the earth swallowed them. 13Ā In your mercy you will lead the people that you have redeemed. In your strength you will guide them to your holy pastureland. [5] 14Ā The nations will hear and tremble. Anguish will grip the inhabitants of Philistia. 15Ā Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified. Trembling will seize the leaders of Moab. All the inhabitants of Canaan will melt away in despair. 16Ā Terror and dread will fall upon them. By the great power of your arm they will be as still as stone Ā Ā Ā Ā until your people pass by, O Lord, Ā Ā Ā Ā until the people whom you have purchased pass by. 17Ā You will bring them in and plant them Ā Ā Ā Ā on the mountain that belongs to you, Ā Ā Ā Ā the place, O Lord, that you have made for your dwelling, Ā Ā Ā Ā the sanctuary, O Lord, that your hands have established. 18Ā The Lord will reign forever and ever.
19Ā When Pharaohās horses along with his chariots and charioteers went into the sea, the Lord brought the waters of the sea back on them, but the Israelites walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.
20Ā Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a hand drum, and all the women followed her with drums and dancing. 21Ā Miriam sang to them,
Sing to the Lord, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea.
Footnotes
Exodus 14:8 Literally with an upraised hand
Exodus 14:9 At this point of military history, the Hebrew word often translated horsemen very likely refers to chariot crews, not cavalry. It seems cavalry was not common before the Assyrian period.
Exodus 14:25 The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Greek and Syriac versions read bound up or jammed. The Hebrew reads removed.
Exodus 15:2 The divine name Yahweh here appears in the shortened form Yah.
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37Ā The Israelites set out from Rameses to Sukkoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides their families. 38Ā A mixed group of non-Israelites also went up along with them, as well as a large amount of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39Ā The Israelites baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves, for it had not been leavened, because they had been driven out of Egypt and could not delay. They also had not prepared any provisions for themselves.
40Ā The amount of time that the Israelites lived in Egypt was four hundred thirty years. 41Ā At the end of four hundred thirty years, to the very day, all of the Lordās divisions went out from the land of Egypt. 42Ā It was a night that the Lord kept vigil to bring them out of the land of Egypt. This same night is dedicated to the Lord. All the Israelites are to keep vigil throughout their generations.
Passover Restrictions
43Ā The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, āThis is the regulation concerning the Passover: No foreigner may eat it. 44Ā But any slave whom you have purchased may eat it if you circumcise him. 45Ā A temporary resident or a hired servant may not eat it. 46Ā It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to carry any of the meat outside of the house. Do not break any of its bones. 47Ā The whole community of Israel shall do this. 48Ā If a resident alien among you wants to observe the Passover to the Lord, every male in his household must be circumcised. Then he may take part in it. He will be treated like a native-born of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it. 49Ā The same law will apply to the native-born and to the alien who resides among you.ā 50Ā So that is what all the Israelites did. They did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. 51Ā That same day the Lord brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt, lined up by their divisions.
Instructions for Remembering the Passover
Exodus 13
1Ā The Lord spoke to Moses: 2Ā āSet apart all the firstborn for me, the firstborn of every mother [1] among the Israelites, both people and animals. The firstborn belongs to me.ā
3Ā Then Moses said this to the people:
Remember this day when you came out of Egypt, where you were slaves. [2] For by the strength of his hand the Lord brought you out from there. Nothing with leaven [3] may be eaten. 4Ā Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving. 5Ā So when the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Hivites, and the Jebusitesāthe land he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honeyāyou are to perform this ceremony during this month: 6Ā Seven days you must eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there is to be a festival to the Lord. 7Ā Unleavened bread must be eaten throughout the seven days. No leavened bread is to be seen among you. No yeast is to be seen among you, anywhere in your entire territory. 8Ā On that day you are to explain this to your son, āIt is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.ā 9Ā This will serve as a sign for you on your wrist and a reminder on your forehead [4] so that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth. For with a mighty hand the Lord brought you out of Egypt. 10Ā You must keep this regulation at its appointed time from year to year.
11Ā When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanitesājust as he swore to you and to your fathersāand gives it to you, 12Ā then you must dedicate the firstborn of every mother to the Lord. Every firstborn of your livestock, the ones that are males, will belong to the Lord. 13Ā Every firstborn donkey you are to redeem with a lamb. But if you do not want to redeem it, then you are to break its neck. However, you must redeem all the firstborn among your sons.
14Ā In the future, when your son asks you, āWhat is this about?ā you will say to him, āBy the strength of his hand the Lord brought us out from Egypt, where we were slaves. 15Ā When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, the firstborn of people and animals. That is why I sacrifice to the Lord the firstborn of every mother, the males, but I redeem every firstborn of my sons.ā 16Ā It will serve as a sign on your wrist and a symbol on your forehead. For by the strength of his hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt.
Pillars of Cloud and Fire
17Ā When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them by the way that goes to the land of the Philistines, although it was more direct, for God said, āIf the people face war, they may change their minds and return to Egypt.ā 18Ā So God led the people by the way that goes through the wilderness toward the Red Sea. [5] The Israelites went up from the land of Egypt in battle formation.
19Ā Moses also took the bones of Joseph with him, because Joseph had made the Israelites swear an oath. Joseph had said, āGod will surely come to your aid. Then you must bring up my bones with you from Egypt.ā 20Ā They set out from Sukkoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the wilderness. 21Ā The Lord went in front of them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on their way and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light. In this way they could travel by day and by night. 22Ā The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night never left its place in front of the people.
Footnotes
Exodus 13:2 Literally the opener of every womb. Jewish tradition, however, focuses more on the firstborn sons of fathers. This verse seems to be a general statement of a principle, for which details are given later. It is not clear how the principle was to be applied to flocks.
Exodus 13:3 Literally the house of slaves
Exodus 13:3 Yeast is the most common kind of leaven, but the terms are not synonymous. Yeast is an organism. Leaven is any agent that causes bread to rise. Leaven in the Bible was frequently a clump of fermented dough that had been reserved.
Exodus 13:9 Since the ceremony could not be literally worn on the wrist or forehead, this seems to mean that the ceremony would be a visual aid in the same way that objects worn on the wrist or forehead would be (Deuteronomy 6:8).
Exodus 13:18 The Hebrew name for the sea, Yam Suf, seems to mean Sea of Reeds and includes the present Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez west of the Sinai Peninsula, and the Gulf of Aqaba east of the Sinai Peninsula.
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Instructions for the Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread
1 The Lord told Moses and Aaron this in the land of Egypt: [1]
2Ā This month is to be the beginning of your calendar. It is to be the first month of the year for you. 3Ā Tell the entire Israelite community that on the tenth day of this month, they are to take a lamb or a young goat [2] for themselves, according to their fathersā households, one lamb per household. 4Ā But if the household is too small for a whole lamb, then that person and his neighbor next door to him must select one, based on the number of people. Determine what size lamb is needed according to how much each person will eat.
5Ā Your lamb must be unblemished, a year-old male. You may take it from the sheep or the goats. 6Ā You are to keep it until the fourteenth day of this month. Then the whole assembly of the Israelite community is to slaughter the lambs at sunset. [3]7Ā They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses where they eat the lamb. 8Ā That night they shall eat the meat that has been roasted over a fire, along with unleavened bread. They shall eat it with bitter herbs. 9Ā Do not eat it raw or boiled in water, but roasted over a fireāwith its head, its legs, and its internal organs. 10Ā You shall not leave any of it until the morning. Whatever remains until the morning, you shall burn in the fire. 11Ā This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt ready for travel, [4] your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste. It is the Lordās Passover.
12Ā For on that night I will pass through the land of Egypt. I will strike down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both people and animals. Against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. I am the Lord. 13Ā The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. There will be no plague among you to destroy you when I strike down the land of Egypt.
14Ā This day shall be a memorial for you, and you are to celebrate it as a festival to the Lord. Throughout your generations you must celebrate it as a permanent regulation. 15Ā For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you must be sure to remove all yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day will be cut off from Israel. 16Ā On the first day you are to have a holy convocation; also on the seventh day there is to be a holy convocation. You shall not do any work, except to prepare what everybody needs to eat. That is all you may do.
17Ā You shall observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread, because on this very day I brought your divisions out from the land of Egypt. You shall observe this day throughout your generations as a permanent regulation. 18Ā In the first month, you shall eat unleavened bread from the evening of the fourteenth day of the month until the evening of the twenty-first day of the month. 19Ā No yeast is to be found in your houses for seven days, for whoever eats something leavened must be cut off from the Israelite community, whether a foreigner or native-born of the land. 20Ā You shall not eat anything leavened. You shall eat unleavened bread in every place you live.
21Ā Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, āGo and take lambs for yourselves according to your family size, and slaughter the Passover lamb. 22Ā You shall take a bundle of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and paint the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you are to go out of the door of your house until morning. 23Ā When the Lord passes through to strike Egypt and sees the blood on the lintel and the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over that door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you.
24Ā āYou shall observe these instructions as a perpetual regulation for you and your descendants. 25Ā When you enter the land that the Lord will give you just as he said he would, you shall observe this ceremony. 26Ā So when your children ask you, āWhat does this ceremony mean to you?ā 27Ā you will say, āIt is the sacrifice of the Passover to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt. When he struck the Egyptians, he spared our houses.āā
The people bowed down and worshipped. 28Ā The Israelites went and did all this. They did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron.
The Exodus
29Ā At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner who was in the dungeon, even all the firstborn of the livestock. 30Ā During the night Pharaoh got upāhe, all his servants, and all the Egyptiansāand there was a loud outcry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not someone dead. 31Ā Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron that night and said, āGet up, get away from my people! Both you and the Israelites, go, serve the Lord, as you have said! 32Ā Take also your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go! But also bless me!ā
33Ā The Egyptians urged the people to leave the land quickly, for the Egyptians said, āWe are all going to die!ā 34Ā The Israelites took their dough before it was leavened. They carried their kneading bowls, which were wrapped in their clothing, on their shoulders. 35Ā The Israelites did just as Moses had said, and they asked the Egyptians for articles of silver, articles of gold, and clothing. 36Ā The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians so that they let the Israelites have what they asked for. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.
Footnotes
Exodus 12:1 Throughout the translation, long speeches, sets of instructions, and oracles are treated as single documents, not as sets of quotations. Such documents are not set off by quotation marks. Within these documents, regular rules for quotation marks apply.
Exodus 12:3 One Hebrew word means both lamb and kid.
Exodus 12:6 Literally between the evenings, very likely between sunset and darkness
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1Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āGo to Pharaoh, for I have made his heart unyielding, and his officialsā hearts too, so that I may perform these signs of mine in their midst, 2Ā and so that you may tell your children and your grandchildren how harshly I dealt with Egypt and about my signs which I did among them. Then you will know that I am the Lord.ā
3Ā Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, āThis is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go so that they may serve me. 4Ā But if you refuse to let my people go, watch out, because tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory. 5Ā They will cover the surface of the ground so that no one will be able to see the ground. The locusts will eat what little you have left after the hail. They will also eat every tree that you have growing in the field. 6Ā Your houses, your officialsā houses, and every Egyptianās house will be filled with them, something neither your fathers nor your fathersā fathers have seen, from the day that they settled in this land up to this day.ā Then he turned and went out from Pharaoh.
7Ā Pharaohās officials said to him, āHow long will this man be a snare to us? Let the men go so that they may serve the Lord, their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt is ruined?ā
8Ā So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh, and he said to them, āGo, serve the Lord your God. But who exactly would be going?ā
9Ā Moses said, āWe will go with our young and old, with our sons and daughters. We will go with our flocks and herds, for we are celebrating a festival to the Lord.ā
10Ā But he said to them, āMay the Lord be with you if I would ever let you and your families go! I see you are determined to do evil. 11Ā No! The men may go and serve the Lord, for that is what you have been asking for!ā Then they were driven out from Pharaohās presence.
12Ā So the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand over the land of Egypt so that locusts come up over the land and eat every plant in the land, everything left by the hail.ā
13Ā Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the Lord made an east wind blow over the land all that day and all through the night. When morning came, the east wind had brought the locusts. 14Ā The locusts came up over the entire land of Egypt and settled down in the entire territory of Egypt. There had never been such a large number of locusts before, and there would never be again. 15Ā They covered the surface of the ground so completely that the land was dark. They ate every plant of the land and all the fruit of the treesāeverything left after the hail. Nothing green was left on the trees or on the plants in the field throughout the entire land of Egypt.
16Ā Then Pharaoh quickly summoned Moses and Aaron and said, āI have sinned against the Lord your God and against you. 17Ā Now please forgive my sin once more, and plead to the Lord your God so that he may also remove this death from me.ā
18Ā So Moses went out from Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. 19Ā The Lord changed the wind to a very strong west wind. That wind lifted up the locusts and drove them into the Red Sea. Not one locust remained in the entire territory of Egypt. 20Ā But the Lord made Pharaohās heart hard, and he did not let the Israelites go.
The Ninth Plague: Darkness
21Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand toward the sky, so that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, darkness that can be felt.ā 22Ā Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in the entire land of Egypt for three days. 23Ā No one could see anyone else, and for three days none of them moved from where they were. Yet all the Israelites had light where they lived.
24Ā Pharaoh called to Moses and said, āGo, serve the Lord. Even your families may also go with you. But you must leave your flocks and herds behind.ā
25Ā But Moses said, āYou must also let us take sacrifices with us and burnt offerings to present to the Lord our God. 26Ā Our livestock must also go with us. Not a hoof is to be left behind, for we must take some of them to serve the Lord our God. We will not know, however, what we will need to serve the Lord until we get there.ā
27Ā But the Lord hardened Pharaohās heart, and he would not let them go. 28Ā Pharaoh said to Moses, āGet out of my sight! Make sure you do not see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die!ā
29Ā Moses said, āJust as you have spoken: I will never see your face again.ā
The Tenth Plague: The Death of the Firstborn
Exodus 11
1Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āI will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will certainly drive you completely out of here. 2Ā Now tell the people that both the men and the women are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold.ā 3Ā (The Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Even the man Moses was highly regarded in the land of Egypt in the sight of Pharaohās officials and the people.)
4Ā So Moses said, āThis is what the Lord says. About midnight I will go throughout Egypt, 5Ā and every firstborn in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sits on his throne, to the firstborn of the female slave who is behind the hand mill, even all the firstborn of the livestock. 6Ā There will be a loud outcry in the entire land of Egypt, unlike anything that happened before or anything that will take place again. 7Ā But among all the Israelites, not a dog will bark [1] at a person or animal, so that you may know that the Lord makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. 8Ā All these officials of yours will come and bow down to me, saying, āGet out, you and all the people who follow you!ā After that, I will leave.ā Then Moses, hot with anger, went out from Pharaoh.
9Ā The Lord said to Moses, āPharaoh will not listen to you so that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.ā 10Ā Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord made Pharaohās heart hard, and he did not let the Israelites go out of his land.
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