25Ā After Barnabas and Saul had completed their relief mission in Jerusalem, they returned [1] and brought along John, who is called Mark.
The Holy Spirit Calls Paul and Barnabas
Acts 13
1Ā Now in the church at Antioch there were some prophets and teachers: Barnabas; Simeon, who was called Niger; Lucius of Cyrene; Manaen, who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch; and Saul. 2Ā While they were worshipping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, āSet apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.ā 3Ā Then, after they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them off.
4Ā So they were sent out by the Holy Spirit and went down to Seleucia. From there they sailed to Cyprus. 5Ā When they arrived at Salamis, they proclaimed the word of God in the Jewish synagogues. They also had John as their assistant.
6Ā When they had traveled through the whole island as far as Paphos, they came across a sorcerer, a Jewish false prophet whose name was Bar-Jesus. 7Ā He was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, who was an intelligent man. The proconsul summoned Barnabas and Saul and wanted to hear the word of God.
8Ā Elymas the sorcerer (for that is what his name means) opposed them and tried to turn the proconsul away from the faith. 9Ā But Saul, who is also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit and looking straight at him, 10Ā said, āYou are full of every kind of deceit and fraud, you son of the Devil, you enemy of all righteousness! Will you never stop twisting the straight paths of the Lord? 11Ā Now look! The hand of the Lord is against you. You will be blind, and for a time you will be unable to see the sun.ā
Immediately mist and darkness came over him, and he went around looking for someone to lead him by the hand. 12Ā When the proconsul saw what happened, he believed. He was amazed at the teaching of the Lord.
Footnotes
Acts 12:25 Some witnesses to the text read relief mission, they returned from Jerusalem.
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1Ā In the third month after the Israelites had left the land of Egypt, on that same day of the month, they came to the Wilderness of Sinai. 2Ā After they set out from Rephidim and came to the Wilderness of Sinai, they camped in the wilderness. Israel camped there in front of the mountain.
3Ā Moses went up to God, and the Lord called to him from the mountain, āThis is what you are to say to the house of Jacob and to tell the people of Israel: 4Ā āYou have seen what I did to the Egyptians and how I carried you on eaglesā wings and brought you to myself. 5Ā Now if you will carefully listen to my voice and keep my covenant, then you will be my special treasure out of all the nations, although the entire earth is mine. 6Ā You will be my kingdom of priests and my holy nation.ā These are the words that you are to speak to the Israelites.ā
7Ā Moses went and summoned the elders of the people, and he set before them all these words that the Lord had commanded him. 8Ā All the people answered together, āEverything that the Lord has said, we will do.ā
Moses brought back the peopleās words to the Lord. 9Ā The Lord said to Moses, āLook, I will come to you in a dense cloud so that the people will hear when I speak with you, and then they will always believe you.ā Moses told the peopleās words to the Lord.
10Ā The Lord said to Moses, āGo to the people. Consecrate them today and tomorrow, and have them wash their clothes. 11Ā Be ready by the third day, for on the third day the Lord will come down on Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. 12Ā You shall set boundaries for the people all around the mountain. Tell them: āBe careful that you do not go up onto the mountain or touch the edge of it.ā Whoever touches the mountain must certainly be put to death. 13Ā No oneās hand is to touch such a person, but that person is to be stoned to death or shot with arrows. No such animal or person shall be allowed to live. But when the special ramās horn sounds a long blast, the people may come up to the mountain.ā
14Ā Moses went down from the mountain to the people. He consecrated the people, and they washed their clothes. 15Ā He said to the people, āBe ready by the third day. Do not come near a woman.ā [1]
16Ā On the third day, when morning came, there was thunder and lightning. A thick cloud was over the mountain, and there was a very loud blast of a ramās horn. All the people in the camp trembled. 17Ā Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain. 18Ā All of Mount Sinai was covered with smoke, because the Lord descended on it in fire. Its smoke went up like the smoke from a kiln, and the whole mountain trembled violently. 19Ā When the sound of the ramās horn grew louder and louder, Moses spoke, and God answered him in the thunder. 20Ā The Lord came down on Mount Sinai, at the top of the mountain. The Lord then called Moses to the top of the mountain, and Moses went up.
21Ā The Lord said to Moses, āGo down and warn the people not to break through to see the Lord. If they do, many of them will fall. 22Ā Even the priests, who approach the Lord, must consecrate themselves so that the Lord does not break out against them.ā
23Ā Moses said to the Lord, āThe people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, because you warned, āSet boundaries around the mountain and treat it as holy.āā
24Ā The Lord said to him, āGo down and bring Aaron up with you, but the priests and the people must not break through to come up to the Lord, so that the Lord will not break out against them.ā
25Ā So Moses went down to the people and told them these things.
The Ten Commandments
Exodus 20
1Ā Then God spoke all these words:
2Ā I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from the land of Egypt, where you were slaves. [2]
3Ā You shall have no other gods beside me. [3]4Ā You shall not make any carved image for yourself or a likeness of anything in heaven above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth. 5Ā Do not bow down to them or be subservient to them, [4] for I the Lord your God am a jealous God. [5] I follow up on [6] the guilt of the fathers with their children, their grandchildren, and their great-grandchildren, if they also hate me. 6Ā But I show mercy to thousands who love me and keep my commandments.
7Ā You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not permit anyone who misuses his name to escape unpunished.
8Ā Remember the Sabbath day [7] by setting it apart as holy. 9Ā Six days you are to serve and do all your regular work, 10Ā but the seventh day shall be a sabbath rest to the Lord your God. Do not do any regular work, neither you, nor your sons or daughters, nor your male or female servants, nor your cattle, nor the alien who is residing inside your gates, 11Ā for in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and everything that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. In this way the Lord blessed the seventh day and made it holy.
12Ā Honor your father and your mother so that you may spend many days on the land that the Lord your God is giving to you.
13Ā You shall not commit murder.
14Ā You shall not commit adultery.
15Ā You shall not steal.
16Ā You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
17Ā You shall not covet your neighborās house. You shall not covet your neighborās wife, his male servant, his female servant, his ox, his donkey, or anything else that belongs to your neighbor. [8]
18Ā All the people saw and heard the thunder and the lightning and the sound of the ramās horn and the mountain smoking. The people saw, [9] and they trembled and stood far away. 19Ā Then they said to Moses, āSpeak with us yourself, and we will listen, but do not let God speak with us, or we will die.ā
20Ā Moses said to the people, āDo not be afraid, for God has come to test you, so that you may always fear him, so that you do not sin.ā
21Ā The people stayed at a distance, but Moses approached the thick darkness where God was.
22Ā Then the Lord told Moses to tell the people of Israel the following things:
You yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. 23Ā You shall not make gods of silver or gods of gold and place them beside me. You shall not make them for yourselves.
24Ā You are to make an altar of earth for me and to sacrifice your whole burnt offerings on it, as well as your fellowship offerings, your sheep, and your cattle. In every place where I cause my name to be remembered, I will come to you and I will bless you.
25Ā If you make a stone altar for me, you are not to build it out of cut stones, because by applying a tool to it you would pollute it.
26Ā You are not to go up to my altar by steps, so that your nakedness will not be uncovered upon it.
Footnotes
Exodus 19:15 The prohibition is not limited to sexual intercourse, because even touching a woman during her period made a man unclean. See Leviticus 15:19-24.
Exodus 20:2 Literally the house of slaves
Exodus 20:3 Literally against my face or besides me or before me or in my presence or because of my presence
Exodus 20:5 The verb is not the normal form for serve but a special form that implies subservience.
Exodus 20:5 That is, I am a God who demands exclusive loyalty
Exodus 20:5 Or demand an accounting for. The Hebrew verb pachad has traditionally been translated visit, but in present-day English visit usually has a social connotation. The term, however, refers to an official visit to bring punishment or reward to someone.
Exodus 20:8 That is, the day of rest
Exodus 20:17 Another version of the Ten Commandments appears in Deuteronomy 5:1-21.
Exodus 20:18 A variant in some ancient versions is feared.
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1 Now Mosesā father-in-law Jethro, priest of Midian, heard about everything that God had done for Moses and for his people Israel and how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt.
2Ā After Moses had sent his wife Zipporah away, his father-in-law Jethro had taken her in, 3Ā along with her two sons. The name of one son was Gershom, [1] for Moses had said, āI have become an alien in a foreign land.ā 4Ā The name of the other was Eliezer, [2] for he had said, āMy fatherās God was my helper, and he has delivered me from Pharaohās sword.ā
5Ā Mosesā father-in-law Jethro, Mosesā sons, and his wife were coming to Moses in the wilderness where he had camped at the mountain of God. 6Ā He sent word to Moses, āI, your father-in-law Jethro, your wife, and her two sons are coming to you.ā
7Ā Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and he bowed down and kissed him. They asked each other how they had been, [3] and they went into the tent. 8Ā Moses told his father-in-law about everything that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and the Egyptians for Israelās sake, about all the hardships that had confronted them along the way, and how the Lord had delivered them. 9Ā Jethro rejoiced over all the good things that the Lord had done for Israel when he delivered them from the hand of the Egyptians.
10Ā Jethro said, āBlessed be the Lord, who has delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and the hand of Pharaoh. Blessed be the Lord, who has delivered the people out of the hand of the Egyptians. 11Ā Now I know that the Lord is greater than all gods because he did this to those who acted arrogantly against the Israelites.ā
12Ā Jethro, Mosesā father-in-law, brought a burnt offering and sacrifices to God. Aaron and all the elders of Israel came to eat a meal with Mosesā father-in-law in the presence of God.
13Ā The next day Moses sat down to serve as a judge for the people, and the people stood around Moses from morning till evening. 14Ā When Mosesā father-in-law saw everything that he did for the people, he said, āWhat is this that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge with all the people standing around you from morning till evening?ā
15Ā Moses said to his father-in-law, āBecause the people come to me to inquire of God. 16Ā Whenever there is a dispute between them, they come to me, and I judge between the two sides, and I reveal the regulations of God and his laws.ā
17Ā Mosesā father-in-law said to him, āWhat you are doing is not good. 18Ā You will certainly wear out both yourself and these people who are with you, for the work is too much for you. You are not able to handle this alone. 19Ā Listen to me now. I will give you advice, and may God be with you. Represent the people before God, and bring their disputes to God. 20Ā Instruct them about the regulations and laws, and show them the way they are to live and the things that they are to do. 21Ā But you should select capable men from among all the people, God-fearing, trustworthy men, who hate dishonest gain. Then place them over the people as officials over groups of a thousand, a hundred, fifty, or ten. 22Ā Have them judge all the disputes of the people at the first level. They can refer any difficult case to you, but every easy case they can judge themselves. Make your load lighter; they can carry it with you. 23Ā If you will do this, and God so commands you, then you will be able to endure, and all these people will also return home satisfied.ā
24Ā Moses listened to his father-in-law and did everything that he had said. 25Ā Moses chose capable men from all of Israel and made them leaders over the people: officials over thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens. 26Ā They judged all the cases of the people initially. They brought the difficult cases to Moses, but every easy case they judged themselves. 27Ā Then Moses sent his father-in-law on his way, and he returned to his own land.
Footnotes
Exodus 18:3 Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for an alien there.
Exodus 18:4 Eliezer means my God is helper.
Exodus 18:7 Literally the one asked his neighbor about peace or well-being
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1 The entire Israelite community set out on their journey from the Wilderness of Sin [1] as the Lord had commanded. They camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. 2Ā So the people quarreled with Moses and said, āGive us water to drink.ā
Moses said to them, āWhy are you quarreling with me? Why are you testing the Lord?ā
3Ā But the people were thirsty for water there, so they grumbled against Moses. They said, āWhy did you ever bring us up out of Egypt to let us, our children, and our livestock die of thirst?ā
4Ā Moses cried out to the Lord, āWhat shall I do with these people? They are almost ready to stone me!ā
5Ā The Lord said to Moses, āGo in front of the people, and take the elders of Israel with you. Also take in your hand the staff with which you struck the Nile, and go. 6Ā Watch me. I will stand there in front of you on the rock in Horeb. You are to strike the rock. Water will come out of it, and the people will drink.ā Moses did that in the sight of the elders of Israel. 7Ā He named the place Massah [2] and Meribah, [3] because the Israelites quarreled, and because they tested the Lord by saying, āIs the Lord among us or not?ā
Battle With the Amalekites
8Ā Then the Amalekites came and fought against the Israelites at Rephidim. 9Ā Moses said to Joshua, āSelect some men for us, and go out and fight against the Amalekites. Tomorrow I will stand on the hilltop, and Godās staff will be in my hand.ā 10Ā So Joshua did just as Moses told him.
While Joshua was fighting against the Amalekites, Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the hilltop. 11Ā Whenever Moses held up his hand, the Israelites would start winning, but whenever he lowered his hand, [4] the Amalekites would start winning. 12Ā When Mosesā arms became tired, they took a stone and placed it under him, and he sat on it. Aaron and Hur held up his handsāone on one side, and one on the other side. In this way his hands were steady until sunset. 13Ā So Joshua defeated the Amalekite army with the sword.
14Ā The Lord then said to Moses, āWrite this on a scroll as a memorial, and make sure that Joshua hears it, because I will completely erase the memory of the Amalekites from under heaven.ā 15Ā Moses built an altar and named it āThe Lord Is My Banner,ā 16Ā because he had said, āSince a hand was raised against the throne of the Lord, [5] the Lord will be at war with the Amalekites from generation to generation.ā
Footnotes
Exodus 17:1 Sin is a geographic name like Sinai. It is not the English word sin.
Exodus 17:7 Massah means testing.
Exodus 17:7 Meribah means quarreling.
Exodus 17:11 The Hebrew reads the singular hand. The Samaritan Pentateuch, the Targum, and the Greek, Syriac, and Latin versions read hands (also in the second part of this verse). Apparently, at first, Moses held up the staff in alternate hands.
Exodus 17:16 The meaning of this Hebrew clause is uncertain. The Hebrew has an unusual form of the word for throne, which looks similar to the word for banner. The main options, therefore, are a hand was against the throne of Yah or a hand is on the banner of Yah. The divine name Yahweh (Lord) here appears in the shortened form Yah.
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22Ā Then Moses led Israel on from the Red Sea, and they went out to the Wilderness of Shur. They traveled for three days in the wilderness but found no water. 23Ā When they came to Marah, they were not able to drink the waters of Marah, because they were bitter. That is why they named the place Marah. [1]24Ā The people grumbled against Moses, and they said, āWhat will we drink?ā 25Ā Then Moses cried out to the Lord, and the Lord showed him some wood. Moses threw it into the water, and the water became fit to drink.
There the Lord made a decree and ruling for them, and there he tested them. 26Ā So he said, āIf only you would listen to the voice of the Lord your God, and do what is right in his eyes, and pay attention to his commandments, and keep all his regulations, I would not place on you any of the diseases that I placed on the Egyptians, for I am the Lord, who heals you.ā
27Ā Then they came to Elim where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they camped there by the waters.
The Lord Provides Manna and Quail
Exodus 16
1Ā On the fifteenth day of the second month after they had left the land of Egypt, the entire Israelite community set out from Elim and came to the Wilderness of Sin, [2] which is between Elim and Sinai. 2Ā The entire Israelite community grumbled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness. 3Ā The Israelites said to them, āIf only we had died by the Lordās hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat around pots of meat and ate as much food as we wanted, but now you have brought us out into this wilderness to have this whole community die of hunger.ā
4Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āWatch what I will do. I will rain down bread from heaven for you, and the people will go out each day and gather enough for that day. In this way I will test whether they will follow my instructions or not. 5Ā On the sixth day they will prepare what they bring in, and it will be twice as much as they gather on the other days.ā
6Ā So Moses and Aaron said to all the Israelites, āAt evening you will know that it was the Lord who brought you out of the land of Egypt, 7Ā and in the morning you will see the Glory of the Lord, because he has heard your constant grumbling against the Lord. Who are we that you should grumble against us?ā
8Ā Moses said, āNow the Lord will give you meat to eat in the evening and as much bread as you want in the morning, because the Lord has heard your grumbling against him. Who are we? Your grumbling is not against us but against the Lord.ā
9Ā Then Moses said to Aaron, āTell the entire Israelite community, āCome before the Lord, because he has heard your grumbling.āā 10Ā As Aaron spoke to the entire Israelite community, they turned toward the wilderness, and suddenly the Glory of the Lord appeared in the cloud.
11Ā The Lord spoke to Moses: 12Ā āI have heard the grumbling of the Israelites. Say to them, āAt evening you will eat meat, and in the morning you will eat bread until you are full. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God.āā
13Ā So in the evening quail came and covered the camp, and in the morning a layer of dew surrounded the camp. 14Ā When the layer of dew was gone, there were thin flakes on the surface of the wilderness, thin as frost on the ground. 15Ā When the Israelites saw it, they said to one another, āWhat is it?ā [3] because they did not know what it was.
Moses said to them, āThis is the bread which the Lord has given to you as food to eat. 16Ā This is what the Lord has commanded: All of them are to gather as much of it as they need to eat. You are to take an omer [4] per person based on the number of people each of you has in your tents.ā
17Ā The Israelites did this, and some gathered more, some less. 18Ā When they measured it with an omer, the one who gathered more did not have too much, and the one who gathered less did not have too little. All of them gathered as much as they needed to eat. 19Ā Moses said to them, āNo one is to leave any of it until morning.ā 20Ā However, they did not listen to Moses. Some of them left part of it until morning, and it became full of worms and stank. So Moses was angry with them.
21Ā They gathered it each morning. All of them gathered as much as they needed to eat. When the sun grew hot, it melted away. 22Ā On the sixth day they gathered twice as much food, two omers for each person, and all the leaders of the community came and reported to Moses. 23Ā He said to them, āThis is what the Lord has said: Tomorrow is a complete rest, a holy sabbath [5] to the Lord. Bake what you want to bake, and boil what you want to boil, but set aside for yourselves all the rest of it to be kept until morning.ā
24Ā So they set it aside until morning as Moses commanded, and it did not stink, and there were no worms in it. 25Ā Moses said, āToday eat whatever is left over, for today is a sabbath to the Lord. Today you will not find any around the camp. [6]26Ā Six days you will gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will not be any.ā
27Ā On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather it, but they did not find any. 28Ā The Lord said to Moses, āHow long will you people refuse to keep my commandments and my instructions? 29Ā Look, the Lord has given you the Sabbath. Therefore on the sixth day he will give you two daysā worth of bread. All of you are to stay where you are. None of you are to leave your places on the seventh day.ā 30Ā So the people rested on the seventh day.
31Ā The house of Israel called it manna. [7] It looked like white coriander seed, and it tasted like wafers made with honey. 32Ā Moses said, āThis is what the Lord has commanded: A full omer [8] of it is to be kept throughout your generations so that they may see the bread which I fed you in the wilderness when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.ā
33Ā Moses said to Aaron, āTake a container, and put a full omer of manna in it. Place it before the Lord, to be kept throughout your generations.ā 34Ā To obey the Lordās command to Moses, Aaron placed an omer before the Testimony, [9] to be preserved. 35Ā The Israelites ate manna for forty years, until they came to a land that was inhabited. They ate manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. 36Ā (An omer, by the way, is one-tenth of an ephah.)
Footnotes
Exodus 15:23 Marah means bitter.
Exodus 16:1 Sin is a geographic name like Sinai. It does not refer to Israelās sin.
Exodus 16:15 The Hebrew for What is it? sounds like the word for manna.
Exodus 16:16 An omer is a container that holds approximately two quarts. Since the term here means both the container and the amount that it holds, and an omer is compared with an ephah, another ancient measurement, the translation retains the Hebrew term rather than converting it to a present-day measurement. See verse 36.
Exodus 16:23 The Hebrew word shabbat means a day of rest. Here the Hebrew reads a shabbaton, a holy shabbat to the Lord.
Exodus 16:25 Literally in the field
Exodus 16:31 Manna sounds like the Hebrew for What is it? See verse 15.
Exodus 16:32 An omer is a container that holds about two quarts. See the note on verse 16.
Exodus 16:34 The Testimony is another name for the Ten Commandments and for the Ark of the Covenant, which contained the Ten Commandments.
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1Ā Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 2Ā āTell the Israelites to turn back and camp in front of Pi Hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea. They are to camp by the sea, facing Baal Zephon. 3Ā Then Pharaoh will say about the Israelites, āThey are wandering around in the land. The wilderness has shut them in.ā 4Ā I will harden Pharaohās heart so that he will pursue them, and I will gain glory through Pharaoh and his entire army. The Egyptians will know that I am the Lord.ā So that is what the Israelites did.
5Ā When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, Pharaoh and his officials had a change of heart concerning the people. They said, āWhat have we done? We have let Israel go! They will not serve us anymore!ā 6Ā So Pharaoh prepared his chariot and took his troops with him. 7Ā He also took six hundred of the best chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them. 8Ā The Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he pursued the Israelites. The Israelites were going out defiantly. [1]9Ā The Egyptians pursued them. All the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his charioteers, [2] and his army caught up with them where they were camping by the sea beside Pi Hahiroth, which faces Baal Zephon.
10Ā As Pharaoh approached, the Israelites looked up, and there were the Egyptians marching after them. The Israelites were terrified and cried out to the Lord. 11Ā They said to Moses, āWas it because there were no graves in Egypt that you took us to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us by bringing us out of Egypt? 12Ā Wasnāt this what we said to you in Egypt, āLeave us alone. Let us serve the Egyptiansā? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.ā
13Ā Moses said to the people, āDo not be afraid. Stand firm, and see the salvation from the Lord, which he will perform for you today. For the Egyptians you see today, you will never see again. 14Ā The Lord will fight for you. You must wait quietly.ā
15Ā The Lord said to Moses, āWhy are you crying out to me? Tell the Israelites to set out. 16Ā As for you, lift up your staff, stretch out your hand over the sea, and divide the sea so that the Israelites can go through the middle of the sea on dry ground. 17Ā I myself will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go into the sea after them, and I will gain glory through Pharaoh and his entire army, through his chariots and his charioteers. 18Ā The Egyptians will know that I am the Lord, when I have gained glory through Pharaoh, his chariots, and his charioteers.ā
19Ā Then the Angel of God, who was going in front of the Israelite forces, moved and went behind them. The pillar of cloud moved from in front of them and stood behind them. 20Ā It went between the Egyptian forces and the Israelite forces. The cloud was dark on one side, but it lit up the night on the other. Neither group approached the other all night long.
21Ā Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and all night long the Lord drove the sea back with a strong east wind and turned the sea into dry land. The waters were divided. 22Ā The Israelites went into the middle of the sea on dry ground. The waters were like a wall for them on their right and on their left. 23Ā The Egyptians pursued them, and all of Pharaohās horses, his chariots, and his charioteers went after them into the middle of the sea. 24Ā During the last watch of the night, the Lord looked down on the Egyptian forces from the pillar of fire and cloud. Then he confused the Egyptian forces. 25Ā He jammed [3] their chariot wheels, and they had difficulty driving them. The Egyptians said, āWe must flee from Israel, for the Lord is fighting for them against Egypt!ā
26Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand over the sea, and the waters will come back over the Egyptians, over their chariots and their charioteers.ā 27Ā So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and at daybreak the sea returned to its normal place. While the Egyptians were fleeing from it, the Lord threw the Egyptians into the middle of the sea. 28Ā The waters came back and covered the chariots and the charioteers, the entire army of Pharaoh that went into the sea after the Israelites. Not even one of them survived.
29Ā But the Israelites went through the middle of the sea on dry land, and the waters were like a wall for them on their right and on their left. 30Ā On that day the Lord saved Israel from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. 31Ā Israel saw the mighty hand which the Lord put into action against the Egyptians, and the people feared the Lord and believed in the Lord and in Moses, his servant.
The Song of Moses and Miriam
Exodus 15
1Ā Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the Lord. They said:
I will sing to the Lord, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea.
2Ā The Lord [4] is my strength and song. He has become my salvation. This is my God, and I will praise him; my fatherās God, and I will exalt him. 3Ā The Lord is a warrior. The Lord is his name. 4Ā He has cast Pharaohās chariots and his army into the sea. His elite officers are drowned in the Red Sea. 5Ā The deep waters covered them. They sank down to the depths like a stone. 6Ā Lord, your right hand is glorious in power. Lord, your right hand has shattered the enemy. 7Ā In your great majesty you overthrew those who opposed you. You sent out your burning anger. It consumed them like stubble. 8Ā At the blast from your nostrils the waters piled up. The flowing waters stood up like a dam. The deep waters became solid in the heart of the sea. 9Ā The enemy said, āI will pursue. I will overtake. I will divide the plunder. I will do whatever I want with them. I will draw my sword, and my hand will destroy them.ā 10Ā But you blew with your breath, and the sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters. 11Ā Lord, who is like you among the gods? Who is like you, glorious in holiness, awesome in praise, working wonders? 12Ā You stretched out your right hand, and the earth swallowed them. 13Ā In your mercy you will lead the people that you have redeemed. In your strength you will guide them to your holy pastureland. [5] 14Ā The nations will hear and tremble. Anguish will grip the inhabitants of Philistia. 15Ā Then the chiefs of Edom will be terrified. Trembling will seize the leaders of Moab. All the inhabitants of Canaan will melt away in despair. 16Ā Terror and dread will fall upon them. By the great power of your arm they will be as still as stone Ā Ā Ā Ā until your people pass by, O Lord, Ā Ā Ā Ā until the people whom you have purchased pass by. 17Ā You will bring them in and plant them Ā Ā Ā Ā on the mountain that belongs to you, Ā Ā Ā Ā the place, O Lord, that you have made for your dwelling, Ā Ā Ā Ā the sanctuary, O Lord, that your hands have established. 18Ā The Lord will reign forever and ever.
19Ā When Pharaohās horses along with his chariots and charioteers went into the sea, the Lord brought the waters of the sea back on them, but the Israelites walked on dry land in the middle of the sea.
20Ā Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a hand drum, and all the women followed her with drums and dancing. 21Ā Miriam sang to them,
Sing to the Lord, for he is highly exalted. The horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea.
Footnotes
Exodus 14:8 Literally with an upraised hand
Exodus 14:9 At this point of military history, the Hebrew word often translated horsemen very likely refers to chariot crews, not cavalry. It seems cavalry was not common before the Assyrian period.
Exodus 14:25 The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Greek and Syriac versions read bound up or jammed. The Hebrew reads removed.
Exodus 15:2 The divine name Yahweh here appears in the shortened form Yah.
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37Ā The Israelites set out from Rameses to Sukkoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides their families. 38Ā A mixed group of non-Israelites also went up along with them, as well as a large amount of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39Ā The Israelites baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves, for it had not been leavened, because they had been driven out of Egypt and could not delay. They also had not prepared any provisions for themselves.
40Ā The amount of time that the Israelites lived in Egypt was four hundred thirty years. 41Ā At the end of four hundred thirty years, to the very day, all of the Lordās divisions went out from the land of Egypt. 42Ā It was a night that the Lord kept vigil to bring them out of the land of Egypt. This same night is dedicated to the Lord. All the Israelites are to keep vigil throughout their generations.
Passover Restrictions
43Ā The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, āThis is the regulation concerning the Passover: No foreigner may eat it. 44Ā But any slave whom you have purchased may eat it if you circumcise him. 45Ā A temporary resident or a hired servant may not eat it. 46Ā It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to carry any of the meat outside of the house. Do not break any of its bones. 47Ā The whole community of Israel shall do this. 48Ā If a resident alien among you wants to observe the Passover to the Lord, every male in his household must be circumcised. Then he may take part in it. He will be treated like a native-born of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it. 49Ā The same law will apply to the native-born and to the alien who resides among you.ā 50Ā So that is what all the Israelites did. They did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. 51Ā That same day the Lord brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt, lined up by their divisions.
Instructions for Remembering the Passover
Exodus 13
1Ā The Lord spoke to Moses: 2Ā āSet apart all the firstborn for me, the firstborn of every mother [1] among the Israelites, both people and animals. The firstborn belongs to me.ā
3Ā Then Moses said this to the people:
Remember this day when you came out of Egypt, where you were slaves. [2] For by the strength of his hand the Lord brought you out from there. Nothing with leaven [3] may be eaten. 4Ā Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving. 5Ā So when the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Hivites, and the Jebusitesāthe land he swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honeyāyou are to perform this ceremony during this month: 6Ā Seven days you must eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there is to be a festival to the Lord. 7Ā Unleavened bread must be eaten throughout the seven days. No leavened bread is to be seen among you. No yeast is to be seen among you, anywhere in your entire territory. 8Ā On that day you are to explain this to your son, āIt is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.ā 9Ā This will serve as a sign for you on your wrist and a reminder on your forehead [4] so that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth. For with a mighty hand the Lord brought you out of Egypt. 10Ā You must keep this regulation at its appointed time from year to year.
11Ā When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanitesājust as he swore to you and to your fathersāand gives it to you, 12Ā then you must dedicate the firstborn of every mother to the Lord. Every firstborn of your livestock, the ones that are males, will belong to the Lord. 13Ā Every firstborn donkey you are to redeem with a lamb. But if you do not want to redeem it, then you are to break its neck. However, you must redeem all the firstborn among your sons.
14Ā In the future, when your son asks you, āWhat is this about?ā you will say to him, āBy the strength of his hand the Lord brought us out from Egypt, where we were slaves. 15Ā When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, the firstborn of people and animals. That is why I sacrifice to the Lord the firstborn of every mother, the males, but I redeem every firstborn of my sons.ā 16Ā It will serve as a sign on your wrist and a symbol on your forehead. For by the strength of his hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt.
Pillars of Cloud and Fire
17Ā When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them by the way that goes to the land of the Philistines, although it was more direct, for God said, āIf the people face war, they may change their minds and return to Egypt.ā 18Ā So God led the people by the way that goes through the wilderness toward the Red Sea. [5] The Israelites went up from the land of Egypt in battle formation.
19Ā Moses also took the bones of Joseph with him, because Joseph had made the Israelites swear an oath. Joseph had said, āGod will surely come to your aid. Then you must bring up my bones with you from Egypt.ā 20Ā They set out from Sukkoth and camped at Etham on the edge of the wilderness. 21Ā The Lord went in front of them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on their way and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light. In this way they could travel by day and by night. 22Ā The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night never left its place in front of the people.
Footnotes
Exodus 13:2 Literally the opener of every womb. Jewish tradition, however, focuses more on the firstborn sons of fathers. This verse seems to be a general statement of a principle, for which details are given later. It is not clear how the principle was to be applied to flocks.
Exodus 13:3 Literally the house of slaves
Exodus 13:3 Yeast is the most common kind of leaven, but the terms are not synonymous. Yeast is an organism. Leaven is any agent that causes bread to rise. Leaven in the Bible was frequently a clump of fermented dough that had been reserved.
Exodus 13:9 Since the ceremony could not be literally worn on the wrist or forehead, this seems to mean that the ceremony would be a visual aid in the same way that objects worn on the wrist or forehead would be (Deuteronomy 6:8).
Exodus 13:18 The Hebrew name for the sea, Yam Suf, seems to mean Sea of Reeds and includes the present Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez west of the Sinai Peninsula, and the Gulf of Aqaba east of the Sinai Peninsula.
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Instructions for the Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread
1 The Lord told Moses and Aaron this in the land of Egypt: [1]
2Ā This month is to be the beginning of your calendar. It is to be the first month of the year for you. 3Ā Tell the entire Israelite community that on the tenth day of this month, they are to take a lamb or a young goat [2] for themselves, according to their fathersā households, one lamb per household. 4Ā But if the household is too small for a whole lamb, then that person and his neighbor next door to him must select one, based on the number of people. Determine what size lamb is needed according to how much each person will eat.
5Ā Your lamb must be unblemished, a year-old male. You may take it from the sheep or the goats. 6Ā You are to keep it until the fourteenth day of this month. Then the whole assembly of the Israelite community is to slaughter the lambs at sunset. [3]7Ā They shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses where they eat the lamb. 8Ā That night they shall eat the meat that has been roasted over a fire, along with unleavened bread. They shall eat it with bitter herbs. 9Ā Do not eat it raw or boiled in water, but roasted over a fireāwith its head, its legs, and its internal organs. 10Ā You shall not leave any of it until the morning. Whatever remains until the morning, you shall burn in the fire. 11Ā This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt ready for travel, [4] your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste. It is the Lordās Passover.
12Ā For on that night I will pass through the land of Egypt. I will strike down every firstborn in the land of Egypt, both people and animals. Against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment. I am the Lord. 13Ā The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are. When I see the blood, I will pass over you. There will be no plague among you to destroy you when I strike down the land of Egypt.
14Ā This day shall be a memorial for you, and you are to celebrate it as a festival to the Lord. Throughout your generations you must celebrate it as a permanent regulation. 15Ā For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you must be sure to remove all yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day will be cut off from Israel. 16Ā On the first day you are to have a holy convocation; also on the seventh day there is to be a holy convocation. You shall not do any work, except to prepare what everybody needs to eat. That is all you may do.
17Ā You shall observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread, because on this very day I brought your divisions out from the land of Egypt. You shall observe this day throughout your generations as a permanent regulation. 18Ā In the first month, you shall eat unleavened bread from the evening of the fourteenth day of the month until the evening of the twenty-first day of the month. 19Ā No yeast is to be found in your houses for seven days, for whoever eats something leavened must be cut off from the Israelite community, whether a foreigner or native-born of the land. 20Ā You shall not eat anything leavened. You shall eat unleavened bread in every place you live.
21Ā Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, āGo and take lambs for yourselves according to your family size, and slaughter the Passover lamb. 22Ā You shall take a bundle of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and paint the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. None of you are to go out of the door of your house until morning. 23Ā When the Lord passes through to strike Egypt and sees the blood on the lintel and the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over that door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you.
24Ā āYou shall observe these instructions as a perpetual regulation for you and your descendants. 25Ā When you enter the land that the Lord will give you just as he said he would, you shall observe this ceremony. 26Ā So when your children ask you, āWhat does this ceremony mean to you?ā 27Ā you will say, āIt is the sacrifice of the Passover to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt. When he struck the Egyptians, he spared our houses.āā
The people bowed down and worshipped. 28Ā The Israelites went and did all this. They did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron.
The Exodus
29Ā At midnight the Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on his throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner who was in the dungeon, even all the firstborn of the livestock. 30Ā During the night Pharaoh got upāhe, all his servants, and all the Egyptiansāand there was a loud outcry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not someone dead. 31Ā Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron that night and said, āGet up, get away from my people! Both you and the Israelites, go, serve the Lord, as you have said! 32Ā Take also your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go! But also bless me!ā
33Ā The Egyptians urged the people to leave the land quickly, for the Egyptians said, āWe are all going to die!ā 34Ā The Israelites took their dough before it was leavened. They carried their kneading bowls, which were wrapped in their clothing, on their shoulders. 35Ā The Israelites did just as Moses had said, and they asked the Egyptians for articles of silver, articles of gold, and clothing. 36Ā The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians so that they let the Israelites have what they asked for. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.
Footnotes
Exodus 12:1 Throughout the translation, long speeches, sets of instructions, and oracles are treated as single documents, not as sets of quotations. Such documents are not set off by quotation marks. Within these documents, regular rules for quotation marks apply.
Exodus 12:3 One Hebrew word means both lamb and kid.
Exodus 12:6 Literally between the evenings, very likely between sunset and darkness
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1Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āGo to Pharaoh, for I have made his heart unyielding, and his officialsā hearts too, so that I may perform these signs of mine in their midst, 2Ā and so that you may tell your children and your grandchildren how harshly I dealt with Egypt and about my signs which I did among them. Then you will know that I am the Lord.ā
3Ā Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, āThis is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go so that they may serve me. 4Ā But if you refuse to let my people go, watch out, because tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory. 5Ā They will cover the surface of the ground so that no one will be able to see the ground. The locusts will eat what little you have left after the hail. They will also eat every tree that you have growing in the field. 6Ā Your houses, your officialsā houses, and every Egyptianās house will be filled with them, something neither your fathers nor your fathersā fathers have seen, from the day that they settled in this land up to this day.ā Then he turned and went out from Pharaoh.
7Ā Pharaohās officials said to him, āHow long will this man be a snare to us? Let the men go so that they may serve the Lord, their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt is ruined?ā
8Ā So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh, and he said to them, āGo, serve the Lord your God. But who exactly would be going?ā
9Ā Moses said, āWe will go with our young and old, with our sons and daughters. We will go with our flocks and herds, for we are celebrating a festival to the Lord.ā
10Ā But he said to them, āMay the Lord be with you if I would ever let you and your families go! I see you are determined to do evil. 11Ā No! The men may go and serve the Lord, for that is what you have been asking for!ā Then they were driven out from Pharaohās presence.
12Ā So the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand over the land of Egypt so that locusts come up over the land and eat every plant in the land, everything left by the hail.ā
13Ā Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the Lord made an east wind blow over the land all that day and all through the night. When morning came, the east wind had brought the locusts. 14Ā The locusts came up over the entire land of Egypt and settled down in the entire territory of Egypt. There had never been such a large number of locusts before, and there would never be again. 15Ā They covered the surface of the ground so completely that the land was dark. They ate every plant of the land and all the fruit of the treesāeverything left after the hail. Nothing green was left on the trees or on the plants in the field throughout the entire land of Egypt.
16Ā Then Pharaoh quickly summoned Moses and Aaron and said, āI have sinned against the Lord your God and against you. 17Ā Now please forgive my sin once more, and plead to the Lord your God so that he may also remove this death from me.ā
18Ā So Moses went out from Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. 19Ā The Lord changed the wind to a very strong west wind. That wind lifted up the locusts and drove them into the Red Sea. Not one locust remained in the entire territory of Egypt. 20Ā But the Lord made Pharaohās heart hard, and he did not let the Israelites go.
The Ninth Plague: Darkness
21Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand toward the sky, so that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, darkness that can be felt.ā 22Ā Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and there was a thick darkness in the entire land of Egypt for three days. 23Ā No one could see anyone else, and for three days none of them moved from where they were. Yet all the Israelites had light where they lived.
24Ā Pharaoh called to Moses and said, āGo, serve the Lord. Even your families may also go with you. But you must leave your flocks and herds behind.ā
25Ā But Moses said, āYou must also let us take sacrifices with us and burnt offerings to present to the Lord our God. 26Ā Our livestock must also go with us. Not a hoof is to be left behind, for we must take some of them to serve the Lord our God. We will not know, however, what we will need to serve the Lord until we get there.ā
27Ā But the Lord hardened Pharaohās heart, and he would not let them go. 28Ā Pharaoh said to Moses, āGet out of my sight! Make sure you do not see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die!ā
29Ā Moses said, āJust as you have spoken: I will never see your face again.ā
The Tenth Plague: The Death of the Firstborn
Exodus 11
1Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āI will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will certainly drive you completely out of here. 2Ā Now tell the people that both the men and the women are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold.ā 3Ā (The Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Even the man Moses was highly regarded in the land of Egypt in the sight of Pharaohās officials and the people.)
4Ā So Moses said, āThis is what the Lord says. About midnight I will go throughout Egypt, 5Ā and every firstborn in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sits on his throne, to the firstborn of the female slave who is behind the hand mill, even all the firstborn of the livestock. 6Ā There will be a loud outcry in the entire land of Egypt, unlike anything that happened before or anything that will take place again. 7Ā But among all the Israelites, not a dog will bark [1] at a person or animal, so that you may know that the Lord makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. 8Ā All these officials of yours will come and bow down to me, saying, āGet out, you and all the people who follow you!ā After that, I will leave.ā Then Moses, hot with anger, went out from Pharaoh.
9Ā The Lord said to Moses, āPharaoh will not listen to you so that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.ā 10Ā Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord made Pharaohās heart hard, and he did not let the Israelites go out of his land.
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1 Then the Lord said to Moses, āGo to Pharaoh and say to him, āThis is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go so that they may serve me. 2Ā But if you refuse to let them go and keep holding them back, 3Ā watch out, because the hand of the Lord will bring a very severe disease on your livestock which is in the field. It will be on the horses, donkeys, camels, herds, and flocks. 4Ā But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of the Egyptians so that not one of the Israelitesā livestock will die.āā 5Ā The Lord appointed a set time by saying, āTomorrow the Lord will do this in the land.ā 6Ā So the next day, that is what the Lord did, and all the livestock of the Egyptians died, but none of the livestock of the Israelites died. 7Ā Pharaoh checked and found out that not even one of the livestock of the Israelites had died. But Pharaohās heart was unyielding, and he did not let the people go.
The Sixth Plague: Boils
8Ā Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, āTake handfuls of soot from a kiln, and have Moses toss it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh. 9Ā It will become fine dust over the entire land of Egypt, and festering boils will break out on people and animals in the entire land of Egypt.ā
10Ā So they took soot from a kiln and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it toward the sky, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. 11Ā The magicians could not stand in front of Moses because of the boils, since the boils were on the magicians and all the Egyptians. 12Ā But the Lord hardened Pharaohās heart, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said to Moses.
The Seventh Plague: Hail
13Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āGet up early in the morning. Present yourself to Pharaoh, and tell him that this is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go so that they may serve me. 14Ā For at this time I will send all my plagues against you yourself, your servants, and your people, so that you will know that there is no one like me in all the earth. 15Ā For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with a plague so that you would have been wiped off the earth. 16Ā However, for this very reason, I caused you to stand: [1] so that I could show you my power, and that my name would be made known over the entire earth. 17Ā You still are acting arrogantly against my people by not letting them go. 18Ā Watch out. At this time tomorrow I will rain down a very severe hailstorm, unlike any other in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. 19Ā Now give orders to bring your livestock and everything of yours that is in the open field into shelters. Every person and animal out in the open that is not brought inside will die when the hail falls down on them.ā
20Ā Those among Pharaohās officials who feared the word of the Lord made their servants and livestock take refuge inside. 21Ā But those who did not take the word of the Lord to heart left their servants and livestock in the field.
22Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand toward the sky, and let there be hail in the entire land of Egypt: on the people, on the animals, and on every plant in the field throughout the land of Egypt.ā
23Ā Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, and the Lord sent thunder and hail. Lightning also flashed down to the ground. The Lord rained down hail upon the land of Egypt. 24Ā The hail, with lightning flashing through it, was very severe. Nothing like it had happened in the entire land of Egypt since it became a nation. 25Ā Throughout the entire land, the hail struck everything that was in the field, both people and animals. The hail also struck every plant in the field and shattered every tree in the field. 26Ā But in the land of Goshen, where the Israelites were, there was no hail.
27Ā Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. He said to them, āI have sinned this time. The Lord is the one who is in the right, and I and my people are in the wrong. 28Ā Plead to the Lord, for there has been enough of Godās thunder and hail. I will let you go, and you do not have to stay here any longer.ā
29Ā Moses said to him, āWhen I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands to the Lord. The thunder will stop, and there will no longer be any hail, so that you may know that the earth belongs to the Lord. 30Ā But as for you and your officials, I know that you still do not fear the Lord God.ā
31Ā (The flax and the barley were destroyed, because the barley was ripe and the flax was in bloom. 32Ā But the wheat and the spelt were not destroyed, because they ripen later.)
33Ā Moses went out from Pharaoh and from the city. He spread out his hands to the Lord. The thunder and hail stopped, and the rain no longer poured down on the ground. 34Ā But when Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail, and thunder had stopped, he sinned again. He and his officials made their hearts unyielding. [2]35Ā Pharaohās heart was hard, and he did not let the Israelites go, just as the Lord had said through Moses.
Footnotes
Exodus 9:16 The literal rendering of the Hebrew, caused you to stand, may mean āraised you to powerā or ālet you remain for so long.ā Verse 15 suggests the latter.
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1 Then the Lord said to Moses, āGo to Pharaoh, and tell him that this is what the Lord says: Let my people go so that they may serve me. [1]2Ā If you refuse to let them go, watch out. I will send a plague of frogs on your entire territory. 3Ā The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up and enter into your palace, into your bedroom, onto your bed, into your servantsā houses, on your people, into your ovens, and into your kneading troughs. 4Ā The frogs will come up on you, your people, and all your servants.ā
5Ā The Lord said to Moses, āTell Aaron, āStretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, streams, and ponds, and bring frogs up onto the land of Egypt.āā 6Ā So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt. The frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. 7Ā But the magicians did the same thing by their occult practices and brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.
8Ā Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, āPlead with the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.ā
9Ā Moses said to Pharaoh, āI give you the honor of setting the time when I should plead for you, your servants, and your people so that the Lord will rid you and your houses of the frogs. They will remain only in the Nile.ā
10Ā Pharaoh said, āTomorrow.ā
Moses replied, āIt will take place just as you have said, so that you may know that there is no one like the Lord our God. 11Ā The frogs will leave you and your houses, your servants, and your people. They will remain only in the Nile.ā
12Ā Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and Moses cried out to the Lord about the frogs, which he had brought upon Pharaoh. 13Ā The Lord did as Moses said: The frogs from the houses, courtyards, and fields died. 14Ā The people piled them up into heaps, and the land stank. 15Ā But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he made his heart unyielding and did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.
The Third Plague: Lice
16Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āTell Aaron: āStretch out your staff, and strike the dust of the ground, and it will become lice [2] in the entire land of Egypt.āā 17Ā They did so. When Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the ground, there were lice on the people and animals. All the dust of the ground became lice in the entire land of Egypt. 18Ā The magicians tried to produce lice by their occult practices, but they could not. So there were lice on the people and on the animals. 19Ā The magicians said to Pharaoh, āThis is the finger of God.ā But Pharaohās heart was hard, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.
The Fourth Plague: Swarms of Flies
20Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āGet up early in the morning and present yourself to Pharaoh as he is going out to the water. Tell him this is what the Lord says: Let my people go so that they may serve me. 21Ā For if you will not let my people go, watch out. I will send swarms of flies [3] on you, your servants, and your people, and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies. They will even cover the ground. 22Ā But on that day, I will deal differently with the land of Goshen, where my people are living. There will not be swarms of flies in Goshen. In this way, you will know that I am the Lord on the earth. 23Ā I will make a distinction [4] between my people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will take place.ā
24Ā So that is what the Lord did. Thick swarms of flies went into Pharaohās palace and his officialsā houses. Throughout Egypt, the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies.
25Ā Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, āGo, offer sacrifices to your God in the land!ā
26Ā But Moses said, āIt is not right to do that, because the sacrifices which we will offer to the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians. If we offer sacrifices that are detestable to the Egyptians right in front of them, wonāt they stone us? 27Ā We will go on a three-day journey into the wilderness and offer sacrifices to the Lord our God, just as he tells us.ā
28Ā Pharaoh said, āI will let you go to offer sacrifices to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but do not go very far away. Plead for me.ā
29Ā Moses said, āAll right. As soon as I leave you, I will plead to the Lord so that tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh, his servants, and his people. Only do not let Pharaoh act deceitfully again by not letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.ā
30Ā Moses went out from Pharaoh and pleaded to the Lord. 31Ā The Lord did as Moses said, and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, his servants, and his people. Not a fly remained. 32Ā Pharaoh made his heart unyielding [5] this time also, and he did not let the people go.
Footnotes
Exodus 8:1 In chapter 8, English verses 1-4 equal Hebrew verses 7:26-29. English verses 5-32 equal Hebrew verses 1-28.
Exodus 8:16 The identity of the insects is uncertain. Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, and gnats are among the suggestions. The requirement is that it be an insect that is on people and animals. Lice is retained as the traditional translation.
Exodus 8:21 The Hebrew simply says swarms. The type of insect is not specified.
Exodus 8:23 The translation follows the Greek and Latin versions. The Hebrew reads I will put a redemption, which does not fit the context.
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10Ā The Lord spoke to Moses: 11Ā āGo, tell Pharaoh, king of Egypt, to let the Israelites go from his land.ā
12Ā But Moses said in the Lordās presence, āLook, the Israelites have not listened to me. Why would Pharaoh listen to me, since I am a poor speaker?ā [1]
The Family Record of Moses and Aaron
13Ā The Lord again spoke to Moses and Aaron about the Israelites and about Pharaoh, king of Egypt. He commanded them to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.
14Ā These were the heads of their fathersā houses: [2]
The sons of Reuben, the firstborn of Israel, were Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. These were the founders of the clans of Reuben. 15Ā The sons of Simeon were Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite woman. These were the founders of the clans of Simeon. 16Ā These were the names of the sons of Levi according to their family records: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived 137 years. 17Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā The sons of Gershon were Libni and Shimei. They were founders of clans. 18Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā The sons of Kohath were Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived 133 years. 19Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā The sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi.
These were the clans of the Levites according to their family records.
20Ā Amram [3] married Jochebed, his fatherās sister, and she gave birth to Aaron and Moses for him. Amram lived 137 years. 21Ā The sons of Izhar were Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri. 22Ā The sons of Uzziel were Mishael, Elzaphan, and Sithri. 23Ā Aaron married Elisheba, the daughter of Amminadab and the sister of Nahshon, and she gave birth to Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar for him. 24Ā The sons of Korah were Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These were the founders of the clans of the Korahites. 25Ā Eleazar, the son of Aaron, married one of the daughters of Putiel, and she gave birth to Phinehas for him.
These were the heads of the fathersā houses of the Levites that had become clans.
26Ā These were the Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, āBring out the Israelites from the land of Egypt according to their divisions.ā [4]27Ā These were the same ones who spoke to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, in order to bring the Israelites out from Egypt. These were that same Moses and Aaron.
28Ā On the day that the Lord spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt, 29Ā the Lord said to him, āI am the Lord. Tell Pharaoh, king of Egypt, everything that I tell you.ā
30Ā But Moses said in the Lordās presence, āYou see, I am a poor speaker. Why would Pharaoh listen to me?ā
Moses and Aaron Appear Before Pharaoh
Exodus 7
1Ā The Lord said to Moses, āLook, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and Aaron your brother will be your prophet. 2Ā You are to speak everything that I command you, and Aaron your brother is to speak to Pharaoh, so that he will let the Israelites go out from his land. 3Ā But I will make Pharaohās heart stubborn. [5] I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. 4Ā Pharaoh will not listen to you, so I will lay my hand on Egypt and bring my divisions, my people the Israelites, out of the land of Egypt by great acts of judgment. 5Ā The Egyptians will know that I am the Lord when I stretch out my hand over Egypt, and I bring out the Israelites from their midst.ā
6Ā This is what Moses and Aaron did. Just as the Lord commanded them, that is exactly what they did. 7Ā Moses was eighty years old, and Aaron eighty-three years old when they spoke to Pharaoh.
Aaronās Staff Becomes a Snake
8Ā The Lord said to Moses and to Aaron, 9Ā āWhen Pharaoh says to you, āGive us a warning sign,ā then you are to tell Aaron, āTake your staff and throw it down in front of Pharaoh, and it will become a snake.āā
10Ā Then Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh. They did just as the Lord had commanded. Aaron threw down his staff in front of Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a snake. 11Ā But then Pharaoh also called for his wise men and sorcerers. Those magicians [6] of Egypt did the same thing by their occult practices. 12Ā They each threw down their staffs, and those staffs became snakes. However, Aaronās staff swallowed up their staffs. 13Ā But Pharaohās heart was hard, [7] and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.
The First Plague: Blood
14Ā Then the Lord said to Moses, āPharaohās heart is unyielding. [8] He refuses to let the people go. 15Ā Go to Pharaoh in the morning. When he goes out by the water, stand on the bank of the Nile to meet him. Take in your hand the staff that was turned into a snake.
16Ā āYou are to tell him: āThe Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to you. He says, āLet my people go so that they may serve me in the wilderness.ā But look, until now you have not listened. 17Ā So this is what the Lord says: āIn this way, you will know that I am the Lord.ā Look! With the staff that is in my hand, I will strike the water in the Nile, and it will be turned to blood. 18Ā The fish that are in the Nile will die, and the Nile will stink. The Egyptians will not be able to drink water from the Nile.āā
19Ā The Lord said to Moses, āTell Aaron, āTake your staff, and stretch out your hand over the waters of Egyptāover its rivers, its streams, its ponds, and all the reservoirsāand they will become blood. There will be blood in the entire land of Egypt, even in containers made of wood and stone.āā
20Ā Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded. In the sight of Pharaoh and his officials, Aaron lifted up the staff and struck the water that was in the Nile. All the water in the Nile was turned to blood. 21Ā The fish that were in the river died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians were not able to drink water from the Nile. There was blood in the entire land of Egypt. 22Ā But the magicians of Egypt did the same thing by their occult practices. So Pharaohās heart was hard, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had told them. 23Ā Pharaoh turned and went to his palace. He did not take to heart even this. 24Ā All the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, because they were not able to drink the water from the Nile. 25Ā Seven days passed after the Lord had struck the Nile.
Footnotes
Exodus 6:12 Literally I am uncircumcised of lips. Also in verse 30.
Exodus 6:14 In each successive generation, the tribal and clan elders were called the fathers of the clan.
Exodus 6:20 From Levi to the birth of Moses is over three hundred years. Only three men are named to cover this period: Levi, Kohath, and Amram. If the Amram in verse 18 is the same man as the Amram in verse 20, it is likely that he is a descendant of Kohath rather than his son. Another possibility is that there are two Amrams: one the founder of the clan, the other the father of Moses.
Exodus 6:26 Or military units
Exodus 7:3 Literally stiff or resistant
Exodus 7:11 Or sacred scribes or occult practitioners
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18Ā Then Moses went back to his father-in-law Jethro and said to him, āLet me go and return to my own people, who are in Egypt, and see whether they are still alive.ā
Jethro said to Moses, āGo in peace.ā
19Ā The Lord said to Moses in Midian, āGo, return to Egypt, for everyone who wanted to kill you is dead.ā
20Ā So Moses took his wife and his sons, placed them on a donkey, and set out to return to the land of Egypt. Moses took the staff of God in his hand.
21Ā The Lord said to Moses, āWhen you go back to Egypt, make sure that you perform in the presence of Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put into your hand. However, I will make his heart hard, [1] and he will not let the people go. 22Ā You will then say to Pharaoh, āThe Lord says: Israel is my son, my firstborn, 23Ā and I have said to you, āLet my son go to serve me,ā but you have refused to let him go. Watch out. I will kill your son, your firstborn.āā
24Ā At a lodging place along the way, the Lord confronted him and sought to kill him. [2]25Ā Then Zipporah took a flint blade, cut off her sonās foreskin, and cast it at his feet. Then she said, āSurely you are a bridegroom of blood to me.ā
26Ā So the Lord left him alone. (At that time she said ābridegroom of blood,ā referring to circumcision.)
Reunion of Moses and Aaron
27Ā The Lord had said to Aaron, āGo into the wilderness to meet Moses.ā
So he went, met Moses at the mountain of God, and kissed him. 28Ā Moses told Aaron all the words that the Lord had sent him to speak and all the signs he had commanded him to perform. 29Ā Moses and Aaron then went and gathered together every elder of the people of Israel. 30Ā Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had spoken to Moses and performed the signs in the sight of the people. 31Ā The people believed. When they heard that the Lord had paid attention to the Israelites and that he had seen their misery, they bowed down and worshipped.
Bricks Without Straw
Exodus 5
1Ā Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, āThis is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says. Let my people go so that they may hold a festival for me in the wilderness.ā
2Ā Pharaoh said, āWho is the Lord that I should listen to his voice and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord, and I certainly will not let Israel go.ā
3Ā They said, āThe God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please let us go on a three-day journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to the Lord, our God, so that he does not strike us with plague or sword.ā
4Ā But the king of Egypt said to them, āMoses and Aaron, why are you taking the people away from their work? Get back to your forced labor!ā 5Ā Pharaoh also said, āLook, the people of the land are now numerous, and you are stopping them from doing their forced labor.ā
6Ā That same day Pharaoh commanded the peopleās taskmasters and overseers, 7Ā āDo not give the people straw for making bricks anymore. Let them go and gather their own straw. 8Ā But require them to make the same number of bricks as they made before. Do not reduce it. You see, they are lazy. That is why they are crying out, āLet us go and sacrifice to our God.ā 9Ā Make the work harder for the people so that they do their work and do not pay attention to lying words.ā
10Ā So the peopleās taskmasters and overseers went out and told the people, āThis is what Pharaoh says: āI will not give you straw. 11Ā Go, get straw for yourselves wherever you can find it. But there will be no reduction at all in your work load.āā 12Ā So the people scattered all over the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. 13Ā The taskmasters kept insisting, āFulfill your daily quota just as you did when straw was provided!ā 14Ā The overseers, whom Pharaohās taskmasters had placed over the Israelites, were beaten. The taskmasters demanded, āWhy have you not fulfilled your quota yesterday and today, as you did previously?ā
15Ā Then the Israelite overseers came and cried out to Pharaoh, āWhy are you doing this to your servants? 16Ā No straw is given to your servants, yet they tell us, āMake bricks!ā Look, your servants are being beaten, but the fault is with your own people.ā
17Ā But he said, āLazy! You are lazy! That is why you are saying, āLet us go and sacrifice to the Lord.ā 18Ā Now go! Get to work! Straw will not be provided to you, but you will deliver the same quota of bricks!ā
19Ā The Israelite overseers realized that they were in trouble when Pharaoh said, āYou must not reduce anything from your daily number of bricks!ā
20Ā When they left Pharaoh, they met Moses and Aaron, who were waiting to meet them. 21Ā They said to Moses and Aaron, āMay the Lord look at you and judge you, because you have made us a stench to Pharaoh and his officials and have put a sword into their hand to kill us.ā
22Ā So Moses went back to the Lord and said, āLord, why have you brought trouble on this people? Why did you send me? 23Ā Ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and you have not rescued your people at all.ā
Exodus 6
1Ā The Lord said to Moses, āNow you will see what I will do to Pharaoh. Because of a mighty hand [3] he will send them away, and because of a mighty hand he will drive them out of his land.ā
God Promises Deliverance
2Ā Then God spoke to Moses, telling him, āI am the Lord. 3Ā I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, as God Almighty, but by my name, the Lord, I was not known to them. [4]4Ā I also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land where they were residing as aliens. 5Ā I certainly have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians have enslaved, and I have remembered my covenant.
6Ā āTherefore, tell the Israelites, āI am the Lord. I will bring you out from under the forced labor of the Egyptians. I will deliver you from being their slaves. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with great acts of judgment. 7Ā I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God. You will know that I am the Lord your God, the one who brought you out from under the forced labor of the Egyptians. 8Ā I will bring you to the land which I swore with uplifted hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am the Lord.āā
9Ā Moses spoke these words to the Israelites, but they did not listen to Moses because of their broken spirit and because of the hard labor.
Footnotes
Exodus 4:21 Exodus uses three words for hardening or hardness of heart. The most common one chazaq is translated harden. The other two, kabad and qashah, are translated unyielding and stubborn. The verbs seem interchangeable.
Exodus 4:24 Interpreters disagree whether it was Moses or one of his sons that God was about to kill. The whole account is cryptic.
Exodus 6:1 Or with a strong hand. The question is whether Pharaoh is forcing them to go, or the Lord is forcing him to let them go.
Exodus 6:3 The name Lord does appear in Genesis, so perhaps this means that the full impact and meaning of the name were not experienced by the patriarchs as they were during the events of Exodus. Others solve the problem by reading this as an unmarked question: Did I not make myself known to them?
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1Ā Now Moses was shepherding the flock of Jethro, his father-in-law, a priest of Midian, and he led the flock to the far side of the wilderness and came to Horeb, the mountain of God. 2Ā The Angel of the Lord appeared to him in blazing fire from within a bush. Moses saw that the bush was on fire, but the bush was not burning up. 3Ā So he said, āI will go over and look at this amazing sightāto find out why the bush is not burning up.ā
4Ā When the Lord saw that Moses had gone over to take a look, God called to him from the middle of the bush and said, āMoses! Moses!ā
Moses said, āI am here.ā
5Ā The Lord said, āDo not come any closer. Take your sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.ā 6Ā He then said, āI am the God of your fathers, [1] the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.ā
Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God.
7Ā The Lord said, āI have certainly seen the misery of my people in Egypt, and I have heard their cry for help because of their slave drivers. Yes, I am aware of their suffering. 8Ā So I have come down to deliver them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up out of that land to a good and spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites. 9Ā Now indeed, the Israelitesā cry for help has come to me. Yes, I have seen how the Egyptians are oppressing them. 10Ā Come now, I will send you to Pharaoh to bring my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt.ā
11Ā But Moses said to God, āWho am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the Israelites out of Egypt?ā
12Ā So he said, āI will certainly be with you. This will be the sign to you that I have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, you will serve God on this mountain.ā
13Ā But Moses said to God, āIf I go to the Israelites and say to them, āThe God of your fathers has sent me to you,ā and they ask me, āWhat is his name?ā what should I say to them?ā
14Ā So God replied to Moses, āI am who I am.ā [2] He also said, āYou will say this to the Israelites: I am has sent me to you.ā
15Ā God also told Moses, āSay this to the Israelites: āThe Lord, the God of your fathersāthe God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacobāhas sent me to you. This is my name forever, and this is how I am to be remembered from generation to generation.ā
16Ā āGo, gather the elders of Israel together and tell them: āThe Lord, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob, has appeared to me, saying: I have certainly been paying attention to you and to what they have done to you in Egypt. 17Ā So I have said that I will bring you up from the misery in Egypt to the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, to a land flowing with milk and honey.ā
18Ā āThey will listen to your voice. Then you and the elders of Israel will go to the king of Egypt, and you will say to him, āThe Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. Now let us go on a three-day journey into the wilderness so that we may sacrifice to the Lord, our God.ā
19Ā āBut I know that the king of Egypt will not allow you to go unless he is forced to do so by a powerful hand. 20Ā So I will reach out my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders which I will do in their midst. Afterward he will let you go.
21Ā āI will give this people favor with the Egyptians so that when you go, you will not go out empty-handed. 22Ā Each woman is to ask her neighbor, as well as any woman staying in her house, for articles of silver, articles of gold, and clothing. You are to put them on your sons and daughters. In this way you will plunder the Egyptians.ā
Moses Is Given Miraculous Signs
Exodus 4
1Ā But Moses responded, āWhat if they do not believe me and do not listen to my voice, but instead they say, āThe Lord has not appeared to youā?ā
2Ā So the Lord said to him, āWhat is that in your hand?ā
He said, āA staff.ā
3Ā He said, āThrow it on the ground.ā
Moses threw it on the ground, and it became a snake, so he ran away from it.
4Ā The Lord said to Moses, āStretch out your hand and take it by the tail.ā
He stretched out his hand and took hold of it, and it became a staff in his hand.
5Ā The Lord said, āThis sign is being given to you so that the Israelites will believe that the Lord, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.ā
6Ā The Lord also said to him, āPut your hand inside your cloak.ā So he put his hand inside his cloak, and when he took it out, his hand was leprous, [3] as white as snow.
7Ā Then the Lord said, āPut your hand back inside your cloak.ā So he put his hand inside his cloak again, and when he took it out of his cloak, it was restored like the rest of his flesh.
8Ā The Lord said, āIf they do not believe you or do not respond to the first sign, they might believe because of the second sign. 9Ā If they do not believe even these two signs or listen to your voice, you are to take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry land. The water which you take from the Nile will become blood on the dry land.ā
10Ā But Moses said to the Lord, āPlease, Lord, I have never been eloquent, either in the past or more recently or even since you started speaking to your servant, for my mouth and tongue are slow and clumsy.ā [4]
11Ā So the Lord said to him, āWho made a mouth for people? Or who makes someone mute or deaf, able to see or blind? Is it not I, the Lord? 12Ā Now go, and I will be with your mouth, and I will teach you what you will speak.ā
13Ā But he said, āPlease, Lord, send someone else.ā
14Ā Then the Lordās anger burned against Moses, and the Lord said, āWhat about Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well. Look, he is already coming out to meet you. He will be very glad to see you. 15Ā You will speak to him and put the words into his mouth. I will be with your mouth and with his, and I will teach you what you are to do. 16Ā He will speak to the people for you so that it will be as if he were your mouth, and you were God to him. 17Ā You will also take this staff in your hand, the one with which you will perform the signs.ā
Footnotes
Exodus 3:6 The Samaritan Pentateuch and Acts 7:32 read fathers. The main Hebrew text has the singular.
Exodus 3:14 This translation follows the Jewish and Christian tradition of not reading Godās Old Testament name Yahweh but pronouncing it as Lord and writing it as Lord (Adonai). This name, known as the Tetragrammaton (the four letter name), means āhe is.ā It was probably originally pronounced Yahweh, but in poetry it sometimes occurs as the short form Yah. When the Lord speaks of himself, he can call himself Iam.
Exodus 4:6 The Hebrew word for leprous was used for various skin diseases.
Exodus 4:10 Literally I am heavy of mouth and tongue
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1Ā These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt. Each man and his household went with Jacob: 2Ā Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, 3Ā Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin, 4Ā Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. 5Ā The total number of Jacobās descendants was seventy people. (Joseph was already in Egypt.)
6Ā Then Joseph died, as did all his brothers and that entire generation. 7Ā However, the Israelites were fruitful, multiplied quickly, increased in number, and became very numerous. So the land was filled with them.
8Ā Then a new king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. 9Ā He said to his people, āLook, the Israelites are more numerous and more powerful than we are. 10Ā Letās come up with a wise plan to prevent them from increasing in number. Otherwise, if war breaks out, they would join with our enemies and fight against us. Then they would leave the land.ā 11Ā So the Egyptians placed taskmasters over them to oppress them with forced labor. The Israelites built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. 12Ā But the more the Egyptians oppressed the Israelites, the more they increased in number, and the more they spread out. The Egyptians were filled with dread because of them. 13Ā So the Egyptians oppressed the Israelites by forcing them to work very hard. 14Ā The Egyptians made the Israelitesā lives bitter with hard work, with brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. The Egyptians were merciless in the way they imposed work on the Israelites.
15Ā The king of Egypt also spoke to the Hebrew midwives. One of them was named Shiphrah and the other Puah. 16Ā He said, āWhen you help the Hebrew women give birth, while they are still on the delivery stool, if you see that the baby is a son, you are to kill him, but if you see that it is a daughter, let her live.ā 17Ā The midwives, however, feared God, so they did not do what the king of Egypt told them to do, but they let the boys live.
18Ā The king of Egypt called for the midwives and said to them, āWhy did you do this and let the boys live?ā
19Ā The midwives said to Pharaoh, āBecause the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women. They are vigorous, so they give birth before the midwife comes to them.ā
20Ā So God treated the midwives well. The people also increased in number and became very numerous. 21Ā Because the midwives feared God, he gave them families. 22Ā Pharaoh, however, commanded all his people, āEvery son who is born you shall throw into the Nile, but every daughter you shall let live.ā
The Birth of Moses
Exodus 2
1Ā Now a man from the house of Levi went and took a Levite woman as a wife. 2Ā The woman became pregnant and bore a son. When she saw that he was a special [1] child, she hid him for three months. 3Ā When she was no longer able to hide him, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar and pitch. She put the child into it and placed it in the reeds along the bank of the Nile. 4Ā His sister stood at a distance to see what would happen to him.
5Ā Pharaohās daughter came down to bathe in the Nile, and her attendants were walking along the bank of the Nile. Pharaohās daughter saw the basket among the reeds and sent her servant girl to get it. 6Ā She opened it and saw the child. It was a boy, and he was crying. She felt sorry for him and said, āThis is one of the Hebrew boys.ā
7Ā Then his sister said to Pharaohās daughter, āShould I go and call a wet nurse from the Hebrew women to nurse the child for you?ā
8Ā Pharaohās daughter said to her, āYes, go.ā
So the young woman went and called the childās mother to come. 9Ā Pharaohās daughter said to her, āTake this child and nurse him for me, and I will pay you for doing it.ā
So the woman took the child and nursed him. 10Ā When the child grew up, she brought him to Pharaohās daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, with the explanation, āBecause I drew him up out of the water.ā [2]
Moses Flees to Midian
11Ā After some time, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his own people and observed their forced labor. He saw an Egyptian striking a Hebrew, one of his own people. 12Ā After he looked this way and that, and he saw that no one was there, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand.
13Ā The next day when he went out, he came upon two Hebrew men who were fighting. He said to the one in the wrong, āWhy were you striking your fellow Hebrew?ā
14Ā The man said, āWho made you a ruler and a judge over us? Are you planning to kill me just as you killed the Egyptian?ā
Moses was afraid and thought, āWhat I have done has definitely become known.ā 15Ā When Pharaoh heard what Moses had done, he sought to kill Moses. Moses, however, fled from Pharaohās presence and went to live in the land of Midian. There he sat down by a well.
16Ā Now a priest of Midian had seven daughters. They came and started drawing water. They filled the troughs to water their fatherās flock, 17Ā but some shepherds came and drove them away. Moses, however, stood up and helped them. He then watered their flock. 18Ā When the daughters came to Reuel, their father, he said, āWhy have you returned so early today?ā
19Ā They said, āAn Egyptian man rescued us from the shepherds. He even drew water for us and watered the flock.ā
20Ā Reuel said to his daughters, āWhere is he? Why have you left the man there? Invite him to have something to eat.ā
21Ā Moses agreed to stay with the man. The man gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses as a wife. 22Ā She gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom, for he said, āI have become an alien [3] living in a foreign land.ā
God Hears Israelās Groaning
23Ā After a long time, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites groaned because of their slavery. They cried out, and their cry for help because of their slavery went up to God. 24Ā So God heard their groaning, and he remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25Ā God saw the people of Israel, and God watched over them.
Footnotes
Exodus 2:2 Literally good
Exodus 2:10 Moses sounds like the Hebrew verb for draw up.
Exodus 2:22 Gershom sounds like the Hebrew for an alien there.
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1 At about that time, King Herod [1] laid violent hands on some who belonged to the church, in order to mistreat them. 2Ā He had James, the brother of John, put to death with the sword. 3Ā When he saw that this pleased the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter during the days of Unleavened Bread.
4Ā After arresting Peter, Herod put him in prison and handed him over to four squads of four soldiers each to guard him. Herod intended to bring him before the people for trial after the Passover. 5Ā So Peter was kept in prison, but the church earnestly offered up prayer to God for him.
6Ā The very night before Herod was going to bring him out for trial, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers. He was bound with two chains, while sentries were in front of the door, guarding the prison.
7Ā Suddenly an angel of the Lord stood near him, and a light shone in the cell. The angel woke Peter up by striking him on the side, saying, āQuick, get up!ā The chains fell from his wrists.
8Ā Then the angel said to him, āGet dressed and put on your sandals.ā So he did so. Then the angel told him, āPut on your cloak and follow me.ā 9Ā Peter went out, following the angel, but he did not realize that what the angel was doing was really happening. He thought he was seeing a vision. 10Ā When they had passed through the first and second guard posts, they came to the iron gate that leads into the city. It opened all by itself for them. They went outside, walked down one street, and immediately the angel left him.
11Ā When Peter came to himself, he said, āNow I know for sure that the Lord sent his angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from everything the Jewish people were expecting.ā
12Ā When he realized this, he went to the house of Mary, the mother of John, who is also called Mark. Many had gathered there and were praying. 13Ā When Peter knocked at the entrance gate, a servant girl named Rhoda came to answer. 14Ā She recognized Peterās voice and was so overjoyed, she did not open the gate. Instead she ran in and announced that Peter was standing in front of the gate.
15Ā They told her, āYou are out of your mind!ā But she kept on insisting it was so, and they started saying, āItās his angel.ā
16Ā Meanwhile, Peter kept on knocking. When they opened the door and saw him, they were astonished. 17Ā Peter motioned to them with his hand to be silent and described to them how the Lord had brought him out of prison. He said, āTell these things to James and to the brothers.ā Then he left and went on to another place.
18Ā At daybreak, there was no small commotion among the soldiers about what had become of Peter. 19Ā After Herod searched for him and did not find him, he questioned the guards and ordered that they be executed.
Herodās Death
Then Herod went down from Judea to Caesarea and stayed there. 20Ā Herod was very angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon. They joined together and approached him after they had won over Blastus, the kingās personal assistant. They asked for peace because their country depended on the kingās country for food.
21Ā On the appointed day Herod, dressed in his royal robes and seated on his throne, delivered a public address to them. 22Ā The crowd shouted, āItās the voice of a god and not of a man!ā 23Ā Immediately an angel of the Lord struck him down because he did not give the glory to God. He was eaten by worms and died.
24Ā But the word of God continued to grow and increase.
Footnotes
Acts 12:1 Herod Agrippa I, grandson of Herod the Great (who had attempted to kill the baby Jesus in Bethlehem)
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19Ā Now those who had been scattered by the persecution that took place at the time of Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, speaking the word to no one except Jews. 20Ā But there were some men from Cyprus and Cyrene who came to Antioch and also began to speak to the Greeks, preaching the good news about the Lord Jesus. 21Ā The Lordās hand was with them, and a large number of people believed and turned to the Lord.
22Ā A report about this reached the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas to go on to [1] Antioch. 23Ā When he arrived and saw Godās grace, he was glad and encouraged them all to remain true to the Lord with devoted hearts. 24Ā He was a good man who was full of the Holy Spirit and faith, and a large number of people were added to the Lord.
25Ā Then Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Saul. 26Ā When he found him, he brought him to Antioch. So for a whole year they met with the church and taught a large number of people. It was in Antioch that the disciples were first called Christians.
The Church in Antioch Sends Relief to Jerusalem
27Ā In those days some prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch. 28Ā One of them, named Agabus, stood up and indicated by the Spirit that there was going to be a severe famine all over the known world. This took place during the time of Claudius. 29Ā Each of the disciples, according to his ability, decided to send relief to the brothers [2] who lived in Judea. 30Ā They did this, sending it to the elders by means of Barnabas and Saul.
Footnotes
Acts 11:22 Some witnesses to the text omit go on to.
Acts 11:29 When context indicates it, the Greek word for brothers may refer to all fellow believers, male and female.
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1 The apostles and brothers throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. 2Ā When Peter went up to Jerusalem, those who insisted on circumcision criticized him, 3Ā saying, āYou went to visit men who were uncircumcised and ate with them!ā
4Ā So Peter began to explain everything to them, point by point. He said, 5Ā āI was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision in which an object like a large sheet was let down from heaven by its four corners. It came right to me. 6Ā When I inspected it very carefully, I saw four-footed animals of the earth, wild beasts, reptiles, and birds of the air. 7Ā I also heard a voice telling me, āGet up, Peter! Kill and eat!ā
8Ā āBut I replied, āCertainly not, Lord, for nothing impure or unclean has ever entered my mouth.ā
9Ā āA voice spoke from heaven a second time: āWhat God has made clean, you must not continue to call unclean.ā 10Ā This happened three times, and then everything was pulled up into heaven again.
11Ā āAt that very moment, three men who had been sent to me from Caesarea arrived at the house where we were. 12Ā The Spirit told me to go with them without any hesitation. These six brothers also accompanied me, and we entered the manās house. 13Ā He told us how he saw an angel standing in his house and saying, āSend to Joppa and call for Simon, the one called Peter. 14Ā He will speak words to you by which you and all your household will be saved.ā
15Ā āAs I began to speak, the Holy Spirit came down on them, just as he came down on us at the beginning. 16Ā Then I remembered how the Lord had said, āJohn baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.ā [1]17Ā So if God gave them the same gift as he gave us when we believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I to try to stand in Godās way?ā
18Ā When they heard these things, they had no further objections, and they praised God, saying, āSo then, God has granted repentance that results in life also to the Gentiles!ā
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34Ā Then Peter began to speak: āNow I really am beginning to understand that God does not show favoritism, 35Ā but in every nation, anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him. 36Ā He sent his word to the people of Israel, proclaiming the good news of peace through Jesus Christ, who is Lord of all.
37Ā āYou know what happened throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee after the baptism that John preached. 38Ā God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power. He went around doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the Devil, because God was with him.
39Ā āIndeed, we are witnesses of all the things he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem, yet they killed him by hanging him on a cross. [1]40Ā But God raised him on the third day and caused him to be seen, 41Ā not by all the people, but by the witnesses God had already chosenāby us, who ate and drank with him after he rose from the dead. 42Ā He commanded us to preach to the people and to testify solemnly that he is the one appointed by God as judge of the living and the dead. 43Ā All the prophets testify about him that, through his name, everyone who believes in him receives forgiveness of sins.ā
44Ā While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit came on all who were listening to the message. 45Ā All the circumcised believers who had come with Peter were amazed that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out, even on the Gentiles. 46Ā For they heard them speaking in other languages and praising God.
Then Peter responded, 47Ā āCertainly no one can refuse water for baptizing these people! They have received the Holy Spirit just as we have.ā 48Ā He gave directions that they be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ. Then they asked him to stay for a few days.
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43Ā Peter stayed in Joppa for many days with a man named Simon the tanner.
Cornelius Sees a Vision
Acts 10
1Ā At Caesarea there was a man named Cornelius, who was a centurion in what was called the Italian Regiment. 2Ā He was devout and God-fearing, as was his entire family. He gave generous gifts to the poor and always prayed to God.
3Ā One day at about the ninth hour, [1] he clearly saw a vision in which an angel of God came to him and said, āCornelius!ā
4Ā Cornelius stared at him in terror and replied, āWhat is it, Lord?ā
The angel told him, āYour prayers and your gifts to the poor have gone up as a memorial offering before God. 5Ā Now send men to Joppa to get a man named Simon, who is called Peter. 6Ā He is staying as a guest with Simon the tanner, whose house is by the sea.ā
7Ā When the angel who spoke to him had left, Cornelius called two of his household servants and a devout soldier who was one of his personal attendants. 8Ā After explaining everything to them, he sent them to Joppa.
Peter Sees a Vision
9Ā The next day, as they were on their way and approaching the city, Peter went up on the roof to pray at about the sixth hour. [2]10Ā He became hungry and wanted to eat, but while they were preparing the meal, he fell into a trance. 11Ā He saw heaven opened and an object coming down. It was like a large sheet being let down to earth by its four corners. [3]12Ā In it were all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles [4] of the earth and birds of the sky.
13Ā Then a voice said to him, āGet up, Peter, kill and eat!ā
14Ā But Peter said, āCertainly not, Lord, for I have never eaten anything impure or unclean.ā
15Ā Yet the voice came to him a second time: āWhat God has made clean, you must not continue to call unclean.ā
16Ā This happened three times, and then the object was immediately taken up to heaven. [5]
17Ā While Peter was inwardly perplexed about what the vision he had seen might mean, just then the men who were sent by Cornelius arrived. They had asked for directions to Simonās house and were standing at the gate. 18Ā They called out, asking if Simon, who was also called Peter, was staying there as a guest.
19Ā While Peter was still deep in thought about the vision, the Spirit said to him, āSee, three men are looking for you! 20Ā Now get up, go downstairs, and donāt hesitate to go with them, because I have sent them.ā
21Ā Peter went down to the men and said, āI am the one you are looking for. Why have you come?ā
22Ā They replied, āCornelius the centurion is a righteous and God-fearing man, who is highly respected by the whole Jewish nation. He was directed by a holy angel to send for you to come to his house and to listen to what you have to say.ā 23Ā So Peter invited them in and received them as guests.
Peter Goes to the Home of Cornelius
The next day, Peter got ready and left with them, and some of the brothers from Joppa went along with him. 24Ā The following day, he arrived in Caesarea. Cornelius was expecting them and had called together his relatives and close friends. 25Ā As Peter was about to enter the house, Cornelius met him, fell at his feet, and worshipped him. 26Ā But Peter helped him up and said, āStand up! I too am just a man.ā
27Ā While he talked with him, Peter went inside and found many people gathered there. 28Ā He said to them, āYou understand how unlawful it is for a Jewish man to associate with or visit anyone who is not a Jew. But God showed me that I should no longer continue to call anyone impure or unclean. 29Ā That is why I came without objection when you sent for me. May I ask why you sent for me?ā
30Ā Cornelius replied, āFrom four days ago to this hour, I have been fasting. At the ninth hour, [6] I was praying in my house when a man in shining clothes suddenly stood in front of me. 31Ā He said, āCornelius, your prayer has been heard and your gifts to the poor have been remembered in Godās sight. 32Ā Therefore send to Joppa and call for Simon, who is called Peter. He is staying as a guest in the house of Simon the tanner, by the sea. When he comes, he will speak to you. [7]ā 33Ā So I sent for you immediately, and it was good of you to come. Now then, we are all here in the presence of God to listen to everything that the Lord [8] has instructed you to say.ā
Footnotes
Acts 10:3 3 pm
Acts 10:9 Noon
Acts 10:11 Some witnesses to the text read tied at the four corners and being let down to the earth.
Acts 10:12 Some witnesses to the text add and wild animals.
Acts 10:16 Some witnesses to the text add again.
Acts 10:30 3 pm
Acts 10:32 Some witnesses to the text omit this sentence.
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Peter Heals Aeneas and Raises Tabitha From the Dead
32Ā As Peter went around from place to place, he also went down to the saints who lived in Lydda. 33Ā There he found a paralyzed man named Aeneas, who had been lying on a mat for eight years. 34Ā Peter said to him, āAeneas, Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and take care of your mat!ā Immediately, he got up. 35Ā All those who lived at Lydda and Sharon saw him, and they turned to the Lord.
36Ā In Joppa there was a disciple named Tabitha, which in Greek is Dorcas. [1] She was always doing good deeds and acts of charity. 37Ā At that time she became sick and died. After they had washed her, they laid her in an upstairs room. 38Ā Since Lydda is near Joppa, when the disciples heard that Peter was there, they sent two men to him, who urged him, āCome to us without delay!ā
39Ā Peter got up and went with them. When he arrived, they led him to the room upstairs. All the widows stood beside him, weeping and showing him the robes and clothing that Dorcas made while she was still with them.
40Ā After Peter sent them all outside, he got down on his knees and prayed. Then he turned toward the body and said, āTabitha, get up!ā She opened her eyes, and when she saw Peter, she sat up. 41Ā He gave her his hand and helped her stand up. After he called the saints and the widows, he presented her to them alive.
42Ā This became known all over Joppa, and many believed in the Lord.
Footnotes
Acts 9:36 Tabitha (Aramaic) and Dorcas (Greek) mean gazelle.
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19Ā Saul stayed with the disciples in Damascus for several days. 20Ā Immediately he began to proclaim Jesus in the synagogues, saying, āHe is the Son of God.ā
21Ā All who heard him were amazed and said, āIsnāt this the one who raised havoc in Jerusalem among those who call on this name? Didnāt he come here for this very purpose: to bring them as prisoners to the chief priests?ā 22Ā But Saul continued to get stronger and kept confounding the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving that Jesus is the Christ.
23Ā After many days had passed, the Jews conspired to kill him, 24Ā but Saul was informed of their plot. They were watching the gates both day and night in order to kill him. 25Ā But his [1] disciples took him at night and let him down through an opening in the wall by lowering him in a basket. [2]
26Ā When Saul came to Jerusalem, he tried to join the disciples, but they were all afraid of him because they did not believe that he was a disciple. 27Ā But Barnabas took him and brought him to the apostles. He described to them how Saul had seen the Lord on the road and that the Lord had spoken to him, and how in Damascus he had preached fearlessly in the name of Jesus.
28Ā Saul stayed with them, coming and going freely in Jerusalem and speaking boldly in the name of the Lord. 29Ā He kept on talking and debating with the Greek-speaking Jews, but they were looking for a way to kill him. 30Ā When the brothers [3] learned about this, they brought him down to Caesarea and sent him off to Tarsus.
31Ā Then the church throughout Judea, Galilee, and Samaria enjoyed peace as it was strengthened. It grew in numbers as it lived in the fear of the Lord and in the comfort of the Holy Spirit.
Footnotes
Acts 9:25 Some witnesses to the text omit his.
Acts 9:25 2 Corinthians 11:32-33
Acts 9:30 When context indicates it, the Greek word for brothers may refer to all fellow believers, male and female.
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1 Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the disciples of the Lord. He went to the high priest 2Ā and asked him for letters to the synagogues of Damascus, so that if he found any men or women belonging to the Way, he might bring them to Jerusalem as prisoners.
3Ā As he went on his way and was approaching Damascus, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him. 4Ā He fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, āSaul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?ā
5Ā He asked, āWho are you, Lord?ā
He replied, āI am Jesus, whom you are persecuting. 6Ā But get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you need to do.ā
7Ā The men traveling with him stood there speechless. They heard the voice but did not see anyone.
8Ā They raised Saul up from the ground, but when he opened his eyes, he could not see anything. They took him by the hand and led him into Damascus. 9Ā For three days he could not see, and he did not eat or drink.
Ananias Is Sent to Saul
10Ā There was a disciple in Damascus named Ananias. The Lord said to him in a vision, āAnanias!ā
He answered, āHere I am, Lord.ā
11Ā The Lord told him, āGet up and go to the street called Straight, and at the house of Judas ask for a man from Tarsus named Saul. In fact, at this very moment he is praying. 12Ā In a vision he has seen a man named Ananias come in and lay his hands on him so that he can regain his sight.ā
13Ā Ananias answered, āLord, I have heard from many people about this man and how much harm he did to your saints in Jerusalem. 14Ā And he has authority here from the chief priests to arrest all who call on your name.ā
15Ā The Lord said to him, āGo! This man is my chosen instrument to carry my name before the Gentiles and kings and the people of Israel. 16Ā Indeed, I will show him how much he must suffer for my name.ā
17Ā Ananias left and entered the house. Laying his hands on Saul, he said, āBrother Saul, the Lord Jesus, whom you saw on your way here, has sent me so that you may see again and be filled with the Holy Spirit.ā
18Ā Immediately something like scales fell from his eyes, and he could see again. He got up and was baptized. 19Ā And after taking some food, he regained his strength.
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26Ā Now an angel of the Lord said to Philip, āGet up and go south to the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.ā (This is an isolated area.) 27Ā So he got up and went. And there was a man, an Ethiopian eunuch, a court official of Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians, who was in charge of all her treasury. He had come to Jerusalem to worship. 28Ā He was on his way home, sitting in his chariot and reading the prophet Isaiah.
29Ā The Spirit told Philip, āGo over there and stay close to that chariot.ā 30Ā Philip ran up to it and heard him reading Isaiah the prophet.
Philip asked, āDo you understand what you are reading?ā
31Ā The man replied, āHow can I unless someone explains it to me?ā And he invited Philip to come up and sit with him.
32Ā Now the passage of Scripture the eunuch was reading was this:
He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before its shearer is silent, so he does not open his mouth. 33Ā In his [1] humiliation justice was denied him. Who will talk about his generation? For his life is taken from the earth. [2]
34Ā The eunuch said to Philip, āI ask you, who is the prophet talking aboutāhimself or someone else?ā 35Ā Then Philip began to speak. Starting with that very passage of Scripture, he told him the good news about Jesus. 36Ā As they were traveling along the road, they came to some water, and the eunuch said, āLook, here is water. What is there to prevent me from being baptized?ā [3]
38Ā He ordered the chariot to stop. Then both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water, and Philip baptized him. 39Ā When they stepped up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord carried Philip away. The eunuch did not see him anymore, but went on his way rejoicing.
40Ā Philip, however, found himself at Azotus. And as he went from place to place, he preached the gospel in all the towns until he came to Caesarea.
Footnotes
Acts 8:33 Some witnesses to the text omit his.
Acts 8:33 Isaiah 53:7-8
Acts 8:36 A few witnesses to the text add verse 37: Philip said, āIf you believe with all your heart, you may.ā He replied, āI believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.ā
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5Ā Philip went down to the city of Samaria and began preaching the Christ to them. 6Ā With one mind, the crowds paid close attention to what was being said by Philip when they heard him and saw the miraculous signs he was doing. 7Ā Unclean spirits, crying out with a loud voice, came out of many who were possessed, and many who were paralyzed and lame were healed. 8Ā So there was great joy in that city.
9Ā Now there was a man by the name of Simon, who had been practicing magic arts [1] in the city. He amazed the people of Samaria while claiming that he was someone great. 10Ā They all paid attention to him, from the least of them to the greatest, saying, āThis man is the power of God that is called āGreat.āā 11Ā They paid attention to him, because he had amazed them for a long time with his magic arts. 12Ā But when they believed Philip, as he preached the good news about the kingdom of God and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women.
13Ā Then even Simon himself believed. After he was baptized, he stayed close to Philip. As he observed the signs and great miracles that were taking place, he was amazed.
The Apostles Send Peter and John to Samaria
14Ā When the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent Peter and John to them. 15Ā When Peter and John arrived, they prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit, 16Ā for he had not yet come upon any of them. They had simply been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 17Ā Then Peter and John laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
18Ā When Simon saw that the Holy [2] Spirit was given through the laying on of the apostlesā hands, he offered them money 19Ā and said, āGive me this power too, so that anyone on whom I lay my hands may receive the Holy Spirit.ā 20Ā But Peter said to him, āMay your silver perish with you, because you thought you could obtain the gift of God with money! 21Ā You have no part or share in this matter, because your heart is not right in Godās sight. 22Ā So repent of this wickedness of yours and pray to the Lord. Perhaps the intent of your heart may be forgiven you. 23Ā For I see that you are filled with bitter poison and chained by wickedness.ā
24Ā Then Simon answered, āPray to the Lord for me so that nothing you have said may happen to me.ā
25Ā After Peter and John had testified and spoken the word of the Lord, they returned to Jerusalem, preaching the gospel to many villages of the Samaritans.
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44Ā āOur fathers had the Tent of the Testimony in the wilderness. It was just like the model Moses had seen, just as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it. 45Ā After our fathers received it from him, they brought it in with Joshua when they took possession of the land from the nations God drove out before our fathers. It was here until the days of David. 46Ā He found favor in the presence of God and asked that he might obtain a dwelling place for the God of Jacob. [1]47Ā But it was Solomon who built a house for him.
48Ā āHowever, the Most High does not live in houses made by human hands, just as the prophet says:
49Ā Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool. What sort of house will you build for me? says the Lord, or what is my resting place? 50Ā Did not my hand make all these things? [2]
Stephen Condemns the Jewish Rulers
51Ā āYou stiff-necked people, with uncircumcised hearts and ears! You always resist the Holy Spirit! You are doing just what your fathers did. 52Ā Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who prophesied the coming of the Righteous One, and now you have become his betrayers and murderersā 53Ā you who received the law as transmitted by angels, but did not keep it.ā
The Stoning of Stephen
54Ā When they heard these things, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him. 55Ā But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, gazed up into heaven and saw the glory of God and Jesus standing at the right hand of God. 56Ā He said, āLook, I see heaven opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.ā
57Ā But they screamed at the top of their voices, covered their ears, and rushed at him with one purpose in mind. 58Ā They threw him out of the city and stoned him. The witnesses laid their cloaks at the feet of a young man named Saul.
59Ā While they were stoning Stephen, he called out, āLord Jesus, receive my spirit!ā 60Ā Then he fell to his knees and cried out in a loud voice, āLord, do not hold this sin against them.ā After he said this, he fell asleep.
Acts 8
1Ā Saul agreed with putting Stephen to death.
On that day a great persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout the countryside of Judea and Samaria. 2Ā Godly men buried Stephen, and they mourned deeply for him.
3Ā But Saul was trying to destroy the church by going into one house after another, dragging off both men and women, and putting them in prison.
The Word of God Spreads in Samaria
4Ā So those believers who were scattered went around proclaiming the gospel message.
Footnotes
Acts 7:46 A few witnesses to the text read house of Jacob.
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1 Then the high priest asked, āAre these things true?ā
2Ā Stephen said, āGentlemen, brothers and fathers, listen! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Haran. 3Ā God said to him, āLeave your land and your relatives and come to the land that I will show you.ā [1]
4Ā āThen he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Haran. After his father died, God had him move from there to this land where you are now living.
5Ā āHe gave him no inheritance in this land, not even enough to set his foot on. But God promised to give it as a possession to him and to his descendants [2] after him, [3] even though Abraham still had no child. 6Ā God revealed that his descendants [4] would live as strangers in a foreign country, and that they would be enslaved and mistreated for four hundred years. 7Ā God added, āI will judge the nation that they will serve as slaves, and after that they will leave there and serve me in this place.ā [5]
8Ā āThen he gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision. So Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him on the eighth day. Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.
Stephen Defends Himself
9Ā āThe patriarchs, filled with envy, sold Joseph into Egypt, but God was with him. 10Ā God rescued him from all his troubles and granted him favor and wisdom before Pharaoh, king of Egypt. And Pharaoh made him governor over Egypt and over his whole palace.
11Ā āA famine came over all of Egypt and Canaan, causing great suffering, and our fathers found no food. 12Ā But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers on their first visit. 13Ā On their second visit, Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Josephās family became known to Pharaoh. 14Ā Then Joseph sent word and invited his father Jacob and all his relatives to come to him, seventy-five people in all. 15Ā Jacob went down to Egypt, and there he died, he and our fathers. 16Ā Their bodies were brought back to Shechem and laid in the tomb that Abraham had bought for a sum of silver from the sons of Hamor in Shechem.
17Ā āAs the time approached that God spoke about in the promise he had made [6] to Abraham, the people increased and multiplied in Egypt. 18Ā This continued until another king who knew nothing about Joseph became ruler of Egypt. 19Ā He took advantage of our people in a cunning way, and he mistreated our fathers by forcing them to get rid of their babies so that they would not survive. [7]
Stephen Defends Himself
20Ā āAt that time, Moses was born, and he was favored by God. For three months he was cared for in his fatherās house. 21Ā After he was placed outside, [8] Pharaohās daughter took him in and brought him up as her own son. 22Ā Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, and he was powerful in his words and actions.
23Ā āBut when he was forty years old, it entered his mind to visit his brothers, the sons of Israel. 24Ā When he saw one of them being mistreated, he defended him and avenged the oppressed man by striking down the Egyptian. 25Ā He thought that his brothers would understand that God was giving them deliverance by his hand, but they did not understand. 26Ā The next day, he came across two of them while they were fighting, and he tried to reconcile them. He said, āMen, you are brothers. Why are you harming each other?ā 27Ā But the one who was harming his neighbor pushed him away, saying, āWho made you a ruler and a judge over us? 28Ā Do you want to kill me the same way you killed the Egyptian yesterday?ā [9]29Ā At this remark, Moses fled and lived as an exile in the land of Midian, where he became the father of two sons.
30Ā āAfter forty years had passed, an angel of the Lord [10] appeared to him in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in the flames of a burning bush. 31Ā When Moses saw it, he was amazed at the sight. As he went closer to look, the voice of the Lord said, 32Ā āI am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of [11] Jacob.ā [12] Moses trembled and did not dare to look. 33Ā Then the Lord said to him, āTake your sandals off your feet, because the place where you are standing is holy ground. 34Ā I have certainly seen the oppression of my people in Egypt, and I have heard their groaning. I have come down to rescue them. Now come, I will send you to Egypt.ā [13]
35Ā āThis is the same Moses they had rejected by saying, āWho made you a ruler and judge?ā This is the one whom God sent to be a ruler and deliverer with the help of the angel who appeared to him in the bush. 36Ā This is the one who led the people out, as he performed wonders and miraculous signs in Egypt, at the Red Sea, and in the wilderness for forty years. 37Ā This is the Moses who said to the people of Israel, āGod [14] will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers.ā [15]38Ā This is the one who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai and with our fathers. He received living messages to give to us, 39Ā but our fathers refused to obey him. Instead they pushed him away and turned back, in their hearts, to Egypt. 40Ā They told Aaron, āMake gods for us who will go before us. As for this Moses who led us out of the land of Egyptāwe do not know what has happened to him.ā [16]41Ā That was the time when they made a calf, offered a sacrifice to the idol, and were taking delight in the works of their hands.
42Ā āBut God turned away and gave them over to the worship of the heavenly bodies, as it is written in the book of the prophets:
Did you bring me slaughtered animals and sacrifices forty years in the wilderness, house of Israel? 43Ā No, you even took up the tent of Moloch and the star of your god Rephan, the statues you made to worship. Therefore I will send you into exile beyond Babylon. [17]
Footnotes
Acts 7:3 Genesis 12:1
Acts 7:5 Literally seed
Acts 7:5 Genesis 12:7; 13:15; 17:8; 48:4
Acts 7:6 Literally seed
Acts 7:7 Genesis 15:13-14
Acts 7:17 Some witnesses to the text read sworn.
Acts 7:19 Pharaoh commanded the Israelites to throw their newborn baby boys into the Nile River (Exodus 1:22).
Acts 7:21 Moses was set in a basket by his mother and placed among the reeds of the Nile River (Exodus 2:3).
Acts 7:28 Exodus 2:13-14
Acts 7:30 Some witnesses to the text omit of the Lord.
Acts 7:32 Some witnesses to the text read Isaac and Jacob.
Acts 7:32 Exodus 3:6
Acts 7:34 Exodus 3:5,7,8,10
Acts 7:37 A few witnesses to the text read The Lord your God.
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1 In those days, as the number of disciples was increasing, a complaint arose from the Greek-speaking Jews against the Hebrew-speaking Jews, because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food.
2Ā So the Twelve called together the whole group of disciples and said, āIt is not right for us to neglect the word of God in order to wait on tables. 3Ā Brothers, carefully select from among you seven men with good reputations, who are full of the Holy [1] Spirit and wisdom. We will put them in charge of this service. 4Ā But we will devote ourselves to prayer and the ministry of the word.ā
5Ā This proposal pleased the entire group. They chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, also Philip, Procorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicholas, a proselyte from Antioch.
6Ā They had these men stand before the apostles, who prayed and laid their hands on them.
7Ā The word of God kept on spreading, and the number of disciples in Jerusalem increased greatly. Also a large group of priests became obedient to the faith.
Stephen Is Arrested
8Ā Now Stephen, full of grace and power, was doing great wonders and miraculous signs among the people. 9Ā Some men who were from what is called the Synagogue of the Freedmen (Cyrenians, Alexandrians, and some from Cilicia and Asia) rose up and disputed with Stephen. 10Ā But they were unable to stand up against the wisdom and the Spirit by whom he was speaking.
11Ā Then they secretly induced some men to say, āWe heard Stephen speak blasphemous words against Moses and against God.ā 12Ā They stirred up the people, the elders, and the experts in the law. They came, dragged Stephen away, and brought him before the Sanhedrin. 13Ā They presented false witnesses who said, āThis man never stops making threats against this holy place and the law. 14Ā In fact, we have heard him say that this Jesus of Nazareth will destroy this place and will change the customs Moses handed down to us.ā
15Ā All those who were sitting in the Sanhedrin were looking intently at Stephen, and they saw that his face was like the face of an angel.
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17Ā The high priest rose up, along with his associates (that is, the party of the Sadducees), because they were filled with envy. 18Ā They arrested the apostles and put them in the public prison. 19Ā But during the night an angel of the Lord opened the doors of the prison, brought them out, and said, 20Ā āGo, stand in the temple and keep on telling the people the whole message about this life.ā 21Ā After they heard this, they entered the temple courts at daybreak and began to teach.
When the high priest and his associates arrived, they called together the Sanhedrin (that is, the whole council of elders of the people of Israel). Then they sent orders to the jail to have the apostles brought in. 22Ā But when the officers arrived, they did not find them in the prison. They returned and reported, 23Ā āWe found the prison securely locked and the guards standing at the doors, but when we opened them, we found no one inside!ā 24Ā When the captain of the temple guard and the chief priests heard these words, they were puzzled about them, wondering what could have happened.
25Ā Then someone came and reported to them, āLook! The men you put in prison are standing in the temple courts and teaching the people.ā
26Ā Then the captain went with the officers and brought the apostles in without force, because they were afraid that the people might stone them. 27Ā After they brought them in, they had them stand before the Sanhedrin. The high priest asked them, 28Ā āDid we not give you strict orders not to teach in this name? [1] Look, you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching, and you are determined to bring this manās blood down on us!ā
29Ā But Peter and the apostles replied, āWe must obey God rather than men. 30Ā The God of our fathers raised Jesus, whom you arrested and killed by hanging him on a cross. 31Ā God exalted him to his right hand as Prince and Savior, to give repentance to Israel and the forgiveness of sins. 32Ā We are witnesses [2] of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him.ā
33Ā When they heard this, they were furious and began making a plan to put them to death. [3]34Ā But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law who was highly respected by all the people, stood up in the Sanhedrin and ordered that the men [4] be put outside for a little while.
35Ā Then he said to them, āMen of Israel, consider carefully what you are about to do with these men. 36Ā Some time ago Theudas rose up, claiming to be somebody, and a number of men, about four hundred, joined him. He was killed, all his followers were scattered, and it all came to nothing.
37Ā āAfter him, Judas the Galilean rose up in the days of the census and led many [5] people in a revolt. He also was killed, and all his followers were scattered.
38Ā āSo in the present case I tell you, keep away from these men and leave them alone! For if this plan or this undertaking is of human origin, it will fail. 39Ā But if it is from God, you will not be able to stop them. [6] Perhaps you might even be found to be fighting against God!ā
40Ā They were convinced by him. They summoned the apostles, beat them, ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go.
41Ā The apostles left the Sanhedrin, rejoicing that they were considered worthy to suffer shame for the Name. [7]42Ā Every day, in the temple courts and from house to house, they never stopped teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Christ.
Footnotes
Acts 5:28 Some witnesses to the text read We gave you strict orders not to teach in this name!
Acts 5:32 Some witnesses to the text read his witnesses.
Acts 5:33 Some witnesses to the text read were furious and wanted to put them to death.
Acts 5:34 Some witnesses to the text read apostles.
Acts 5:37 Some witnesses to the text omit many.
Acts 5:39 Some witnesses to the text read it.
Acts 5:41 Some witnesses to the text read for the name of Jesus.
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32Ā The whole group of believers was one in heart and soul. No one claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they held everything in common. 33Ā The apostles continued to testify about the resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ [1] with great power, and abundant grace was on all of them. 34Ā There was not a needy person among them. For from time to time those who were owners of lands or houses sold them, brought the proceeds received from what was sold, 35Ā and laid it at the apostlesā feet. It was distributed to each one according to what anyone needed.
36Ā Joseph, who was called Barnabas by the apostles (which is translated āson of encouragementā), a Levite, a native of Cyprus, 37Ā sold a field that belonged to him. He brought the money and laid it at the apostlesā feet.
Ananias and Sapphira
Acts 5
1Ā Now a man named Ananias, together with his wife Sapphira, sold a piece of property. 2Ā With his wifeās knowledge, he kept back part of the proceeds for himself. Then he brought a portion of it and laid it at the apostlesā feet.
3Ā But Peter said, āAnanias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie to the Holy Spirit and to keep back part of the proceeds of the land? 4Ā Was it not yours before it was sold? And after it was sold, was not the money at your disposal? How could you plan such a thing in your heart? You have not lied to men but to God.ā
5Ā When Ananias heard these words, he fell down and died. Great fear gripped everyone who heard about it. 6Ā The young men got up and wrapped up his body. Then they carried him out and buried him.
7Ā About three hours later, his wife came in, not knowing what had happened. 8Ā Peter asked her, āTell me, is this how much you got for the land?ā
āYes,ā she said, āthat was the price.ā
9Ā Then Peter said to her, āHow could you two agree to test the Spirit of the Lord? Look! The feet of those who buried your husband are standing at the door, and they will carry you out too!ā
10Ā Instantly she fell down at his feet and died. When the young men came in, they found her dead. Then they carried her outside and buried her beside her husband. 11Ā Great fear gripped the whole church and all who heard about these things.
Many Miracles
12Ā Many signs and wonders were done among the people through the hands of the apostles. With one mind, they all continued meeting in Solomonās Colonnade. 13Ā No one else dared to join them, but the people held them in high regard. 14Ā More and more believers in the Lord were added to their group, large numbers of both men and women. 15Ā As a result, people were even carrying the sick into the streets and laying them on cots and mats so that when Peter came by, at least his shadow might fall on some of them. 16Ā Crowds also gathered from the towns around Jerusalem, [2] bringing the sick and those who were tormented by unclean spirits, and all of them were healed.
Footnotes
Acts 4:33 Some witnesses to the text omit Christ.
Acts 5:16 Some witnesses to the text read from the neighboring towns to Jerusalem.
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